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Bio Med > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a blastocyst

A
  • Blastocyst comprised of outer trophoblast and inner embryoblast.
  • Trophoblast becomes foetal component of placenta.
  • Embryoblast splits to become bilaminar embryonic disc.
  • The cells of this disc develop into the embryo proper.
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2
Q

What is a blastocyst compromised of

A

Outer trophoblast and inner embryoblast

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3
Q

What does a trophoblast become

A

Foetal component of placenta

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4
Q

What does a embryoblast become

A

Splits to become bilaminar embryonic disc

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5
Q

What happens to the cells of the bilaminar embryonic disc

A

Develop into embryo proper

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6
Q

What happens during the 3rd week in terms of primitive streak

A

Cranio caudal primitive streak forms on dorsal surface
Cells migrate into streak
Forms trilaminar disc

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7
Q

Ectoderm

A

Covers the embryo

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8
Q

Mesoderm

A

Lies between the ectoderm and the endoderm

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9
Q

Endoderm

A

Lines the gut tube

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10
Q

Gastrulation

A

3 layers arise:
-ectoderm
-mesoderm
-endoderm

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11
Q

What is the endoderm

A

Is open to the yolk sac
Fate: Linings of the gut, associated glands and lining of the lungs

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12
Q

What is the mesoderm

A

Lies between the ectoderm and the endoderm
Fate: notochord, muscles, bone and connective tissue

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13
Q

Somites

A

Paired mesodermal blocks that lie lateral to the neural tube

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14
Q

What is the mesoderm

A

Intermédiaire mesoderm- lies lateral to notochord ventral to the somites and dorsal to the lateral plane
Fate: kidneys, ureters and gonads
Lateral place mesoderm- surrounds coelom (body cavity)
Splanchnic mesoderm- visceral (inner) fate= gut wall
Somatic mesoderm- parietal (outer) fate=body wall
Fate: heart, blood vessels, gut musculature and lining of body cavities

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15
Q

What is the surface ectoderm

A

Covers the embryo. Continous with the amnion
Fate: epidermis of skin (hair, nails, and skin glands)

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16
Q

Neural crest

A

Dorso lateral to neural tube
Fate: PNS, ganglia, structures in head and neck

17
Q

Neural tube

A

Fate:CNS

18
Q

Neuroectoderm

A

Neural tube and neural crest tissue derived from neuroctoderm
Neural crest tissue is unique to vertebrates

19
Q

Notochord

A

Cranio caudal stiffening rod that is characteristic of chordates
Fate: nucleus pulposus of IV discs during infancy

20
Q

When is the neural plate formed

A

At 18 days ectoderm starts to thicken to from the neural plate

21
Q

When should the neural tube fuse

A

By the end of the 4th week

22
Q

Forebrain

A

Optic cups, cerebral hemispheres, olfactory bulb and tract, hypothalamus and thalamus

23
Q

Midbrain

A

Remains undivided

24
Q

Hindbrain

A

Cerebellum, medulla and pons

25
Q

Formation of neural crest

A

-fusion starts in the middle of the tube
-neural crest cells might into mesoderm
-somites form from mesoderm
-ventral part= vertebrae
-dorsal part=skin/skeletal muscle

26
Q

Gut folding around transverse axis description

A

-foregut and hind gut are formed by cephalocaudal folding
-this is due to differential growth
-foregut and hind gut commence as blind tubes that terminate at the buccopharyngeal and cloacal membranes
-midgut open to yolk sac

27
Q

Development of the diaphragm

A

-lungs and bronchi develop as out pocketing of forgut
-therefore their lining is derived from ectoderm
-spectrum transversal folded inwards

28
Q

Development of the lungs

A

-diverticulum formed in the endoderm at the future site of the glottis
-splits in two: primary bronchi
-divides again: secondary bronchi etc
-endoderm gives rise to: mucosa, alveolar epithelium

29
Q

What does the mesoderm give rise to during the development of lungs

A

-bronchai and tracheal cartilages
-bronchai and tracheal muscles
-pulmonary vasculature
-visceral pleurae

30
Q

Division of the coelom

A

-the future pericardial and peritoneal cavities are separated by the septum transversum
-the future pleural and peritoneal cavities communicate via (the pericardio- peritoneal) canals
-pleuro-pericardial folds separate the pericardial and pleural cavities and contain phrenic nerves
-lung buds invade the mesoderm of the wall

31
Q

What is the Diaphragm formed from

A

-septum transversum centrally
-pleuroperioneal folds dorso laterally
-the oesophageal mesentery dorso medically
-body wall

Bio Med (24 decks)

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