Socrates and Empire Flashcards

1
Q

What is ostracism in Athenian democracy?

A

A practice where citizens voted to exile individuals seen as threats to democracy for a set period, aiming to prevent tyranny.

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2
Q

How did the Delian League evolve into an Athenian empire?

A

Initially formed as a defensive alliance against Persia, Athens transformed it by controlling finances and member states, imposing taxes, and exerting dominance.

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3
Q

What is Hannah Arendt’s distinction between empire and imperialism?

A

An empire rules diverse people under a unifying principle, while imperialism is expansion without such a guiding principle.

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4
Q

How did Socrates challenge Athenian norms about public and private life?

A

y prioritizing private virtue over public office and asserting that truth and justice could be pursued outside political participation.

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5
Q

What is the “daimon” in Socrates’ philosophy?

A

A divine voice that guided Socrates’ actions, often deterring him from engaging in public affairs and adding to his enigmatic reputation.

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6
Q

What are the key characteristics of the Socratic method?

A

It involves questioning and dialogue to reveal contradictions in beliefs, leading interlocutors to greater self-awareness.

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7
Q

How does Plato’s concept of the philosopher-king differ from Socrates’ ideal polis?

A

Plato’s philosopher-king is a ruler with true knowledge, while Socrates envisioned a society based on equality (isonomia) without hierarchical structures.

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8
Q

What is isonomia, and why is it significant?

A

Meaning “equality before the law,” it reflects a political and social order free of hierarchy, contrasting with Athenian democracy and influencing Socratic philosophy.

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9
Q

How did Socrates’ rejection of public office contribute to his trial?

A

His refusal to participate in public affairs was seen as a rejection of Athenian civic duty, challenging the societal norms and threatening the state.

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10
Q

What is the Delian League, and why is it important in Athenian history?

A

A defensive alliance that became an instrument of Athenian imperialism, marking the tension between democracy and empire.

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11
Q

Describe the dual world in Plato’s philosophy.

A

A framework dividing reality into the world of appearances and a transcendent realm of eternal, unchanging forms.

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12
Q

What is the significance of Ionian thought in Socrates’ philosophy?

A

It emphasized isonomia and influenced Socrates’ approach to equality and self-governance, contrasting Plato’s hierarchical ideas.

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13
Q

How did the Sophists challenge traditional Athenian morality?

A

By teaching rhetoric and persuasive speech, often questioning established norms and values.

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14
Q

What is Plato’s theory of Forms?

A

A metaphysical concept positing a realm of eternal, unchanging ideas that represent the true nature of things.

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15
Q

How does the Socratic method relate to the Eleatic school of philosophy?

A

Both employ logical argumentation to reveal contradictions, aiming for deeper understanding.

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