sociology_george cards Flashcards
what is the study of human society
Sociology
the ability to connect the most basic intimate aspect of an individual’s life to seemingly impersonal and remote historical focus
Sociological imagination
who translated comte to English, wrote “theory and practice” “morals and manners” took on institution of marriage claiming inferiority of women. one of the earliest feminist social scientists?
Harriet Martineau
who created an alternative to capitalism, provided theoretical basis for communism, and believed that the class system divided history?
Karl Marx
who is most famous for his work on economy and society. Also wrote “protestant ethic” and “spirit of capitalism”. Verstehen(understanding in german) is his most important contribution?
max Webber
who wished to understand how society holds together and relate to one another, how capitalism and industrialization transformed society and allowed folks to relate to one another. wrote “divisions of labor in society”
Emile durkheihm
durkheihm argues that one of the main social forces leading to suicide is the sense of normlessness resulting in drastic changes in living conditions which he calls?
Anomie
durkheihm is considered the founding practitioner of this strain within sociology that believes the social world can be described and predicted by a certain observable relationship.
positivist sociology
this means understanding in german, where researchers try to imagine themselves in other positions in society. to truly understand why people act the way they do
Verstehen
who established “formal sociology” his work was influential to developing urban, and cultural sociology
George Simmel
who devoloped the concept of “double consciousness” the first black man to receive PhD from Harvard, undertake ethonogrophy of black community, and founded the naacp
WEB DuBois
a mechanism by which african americans constantly maintain two behavorial scripts. concept conceived by web DuBois
double conciousness
one of the few female sociologists at chicogo college author of “substance and methodology”founded hull house. first U.S settlement that attempted to link ideas of the university to the poor through a full service community center
Jane Addams
_________ means various institutions and processes exist to serve an important or necessary function to keep society running?
functionalism
what is the Idea that competing interests is the basic animating force of social change and society in general
conflict theory
_______ is the catchall theory that emphasises inequality in women: belief that sociology and society in general subordinate women
feminist theory
_______ - shared meanings, orientation and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people’s actions
symbolic interactions
_______ is the notion that symbolic interactions have eroded; condition characterized by a questioning of the notion of progress and history, and there is no longer one theory of history that is correct
postmodernism
_________ is an entity that exists because people behave as if it exists and whose existence is perpetrated as people and social institutions act in accordance with the widely agreed upon formal, and informal norms associated with that entity. ex: racism
social construction
_______theory that attempts to predict how certain social institutions tend to function
midrange theory
________ relies on data gathered through participant observations and other qualitative methodologies. face to face interactions between individuals
microsociology
_______ is generally concerned with dynamics at a higher level of analysis uses qualitative methods, but across a wider spectrum of society such as gender norms and immagration
macrosociology
______ is a complex group of interdependent positions that together form a social role and reproduce themselves over time
social institution
_______ function is conscious deliberate and beneficial to society, consequences that people observe or expect.
manifest functions
_______ function is unintended, has a positive effect on society, neither recognized or intended
latent functions
______ is freedom from constraint/ hurts other people. ex: “I’m not free unless I can do what I want”
negative freedom
_______ is freedom to empower yourself that doesn’t hurt other people
positive freedom
means of production “power”
private property
keep as much money as possible
profit motive
“hands off” the government doesn’t regulate the market
lassier faire
greed is good- you tell the market what to do
individualism in the economic theory
name the 3 defining characteristics of capitalism
1.private property- means of production owned by capitalist. 2.labor market. 3.profit motive
what’s wrong with individualism
it narrows our understanding of freedom. makes it more difficult to consider problems as structural and legitimates isololation
_______ are limited perspectives from which we see the world such as our city neighbors, our family and our circle of friends
private orbits
_______ is a private ignorant person who chose not to take part in public affairs
Athenian idiot
Marx’s term ______ referring to means whereby material goods is carried on in society
means of production
______ is the supply of available workers in relation to available work
labor market
the desire for profit that motivates one to engage in business ventures
profit motive
______ is an untrue division into two opposing parts
false dichotomy
_______ are variables that are not explained within the system and are taken as a given
exogenous variables
