short answers doko 2 Flashcards
Tell me everything you know about epigenetics.
Begin by defining Epigenetics.
- idea that your genes interact with your environment,
- both Nature (biological factors) and Nurture (environmental factors) play a role in the socialization of a person
- genes
- social / environmental forces
- interact
- idea / philosophy / argument
Tell me everything you know about epigenetics.
Then, describe Genotype, Epigenetic Space, and Phenotype.
Provide an example of how these terms could be related that your friends could understand.
Genotypeis your actual genetic makeup(the raw genes of your DNA)
Epigenetic Spaceis the space where genotype is deflected or altered (social environment)
Phenotype is/are observable characteristics (things you can see or determine without looking at DNA - hair color, height)
Example:
genotype - a born-in trait
epigenetic space - can be a life event
phenotype - measurable and observable characteristic but not necessarily
Tell me everything you know about epigenetics.
Produce the research question and findings from Caspi et al, and make sure to explain how they make use of the concepts of Genotype, Epigenetic Space and Phenotype.
RQ: “Why do abused children often grow up to become child abusers?”
Findings: low MAOA (genotype) + severe maltreatment (epigenetic space) = adult anti-social problems (phenotype)
How are feelings related to socialization?
Begin your answer by using the Schachter and Singer study we discussed in class to explain what it means to say that “the way we feel about feeling is tied to social context and shared social meanings.”
• In Schachter and Singer’s study, [all] subjects were given a small dose of epinephrine (adrenaline).
• Some were told what feelings they should expect (increased heart rate, flushed face, slight trembling). Other subjects were not informed about it.
• When they were placed in a room with an angry person:
o Uninformed subjects reported feeling angry
o Informed subjects reported no such feeling
• Thus, what we know affects how we interpret feelings and the way we interpret our feelings depends in part on how we’ve been socialized.
How are feelings related to socialization?
Then describe Howard Becker’s three step process that leads someone to become a marijuana smoker.
Becker’s three step process that results in a person becoming a marijuana smoker:
- Learning the technique
- Associating feelings with marijuana
- Interpreting those feelings as good (and not everybody does)
How are feelings related to socialization?
Finish your answer by defining feeling rules and provide to examples of violations of feeling rules that aren’t related to death.
Norms about the acceptable feeling to experience in a certain environment
How does socialization affect the way we think?
Begin your answer by explaining what it means to say that “thinking is public before it is private”?
the way we think is preceded by observations and internalized knowledge of public symbols / ideas.
Symbols, language and community affect
- the categories we think in (like good/bad, love/hate)
- the topics we think about (ideas other people have created) and
- the way we think
How does socialization affect the way we think?
then discuss how we develop our social cognition.
Role-taking is the ability to see the world from someone else’s perspective and the process by which we develop social cognition
How does socialization affect the way we think?
Does this development end with our understanding of just a few other individuals? Explain.
This development leads to understanding of the generalized other – which is an understanding of the values and orientations of the overall community.
How does socialization affect the way we think?
Explain what it means to say that “cultural experiences and traditions are sometimes reflected in different styles of perception and interpretation of the social world.” Define and integrate thought communities into your response.
Thought communities are social groups that share cognitive patterns. Social groups with shared cultural experiences and traditions may perceive and interpret the social world in similar ways.
How does socialization affect the way we think?
Use at least two examples from class to illustrate your thinking.
Fish study – americans and Japanese reported seeing different things
Camera study – americans and Japanese looked different places
How do social networks impact our lives?
Begin your answer by defining Social Structure.
Social structures refer to recurring patterns of behavior.
How do social networks impact our lives?
Then, explain how social networks are an example of social structure.
often emerge by recurrent behaviors.
Best friends example.
How do social networks impact our lives?
What is a “social tie”?
- relationship between two people.
How do social networks impact our lives?
Using class discussion, explain two potential causes of differences in the sizes of your colleagues’ social networks.
- Group membership
- Family size
- employment / type of job
- religiousness
- introvert / extrovert
- age
