sociology test 2nd October 2020

Question 1

criticisms of traditional Marxists

Answer 1

feminists accuse traditional Marxist theory of ignoring the role of patriarchy in rule creation and social control.

Question 2

what do Marxist argue about social control

Answer 2

is essential to keep order. however, they say capitalism is an exploitive system which requires systems of social control over populations to prevent rebellion and revolution.

Question 3

who do Marxist say benefit from social control

Answer 3

the ruling class and works against the interest of the majority working class

Question 4

socialisation

Answer 4

instil shared culture internalise shared norms and values

Question 5

what do Marxist say about the capitalist society

Answer 5

the capitalist society causes crime. capitalist society is “crimogenic” (leads to crime)

Question 6

according to Marxist what do laws reflect

Answer 6

they’re a reflection of the ruling class interests, as the ruling class are responsible for law making.

Question 7

chambliss and mandoff

Answer 7

property law serves to keep WC people away from the property and land of the rich

Question 8

Pearce (1976)

Answer 8

suggested that even the laws which supposedly protect WC (e.g. health and safety laws, consumer laws) are really in ruling-class interests. he said that the system needs healthy, safe and loyal workers

Question 9

snider

Answer 9

argues that WC crimes such as burglary don’t cause as much harm as corporate crime such as health and safety laws

Question 10

ruling class ideology

Answer 10

presents WC crime as threat to society, largely through the media, meanwhile, corporate crime get little media condemnation and are treated leniently by the legal system

Question 11

The difference between right realists and left realists

Answer 11

Right Realism tends to focus on the individual as being responsible for crime, arguing that we need to get tough on criminals to reduce crime.
Left Realists on the other hand argue that inequality is the main cause of crime and we need more community interventions to reduce crime.

Question 12

What did lea and young say that social policy on crime need to accept

Answer 12

Crime other than white-collar crimes are a problem

There has been a rise in crime since the Second World War

Question 13

Kingsley Lea and young

Answer 13

Say that British policing policy needs to be centred on creating and maintained good communication between police and local communities

Question 14

Why does there need to be good communication between the police and the public

Answer 14

The public report most crimes to the police and provide most evidence to solve crimes this results in the police needing the public

Question 15

Consensus policing

Answer 15

Police act on the local community’s instructions rather than in isolation

Question 16

How do Kingsley lea and young say the police need to do to improve crime

Answer 16

Full proper investigation to fathom on crime which hasn’t been reduced in recent years

Need to improve detection rates

Question 17

What do left realists say relative deprivation causes

Answer 17

Subcultures and crime

Question 18

Why do lea and young believe that relative deprivation is a major factor leading to crime

Answer 18

When an I did visual feels deprived in relations to similar social groups, they can turn to crime to “solve” the problem and acquire the resources to remove the feeling

Question 19

How can rising standard of living lead to rising crime rates

Answer 19

Advertising Vs the media present individuals with images of what they could have and what others got

Question 20

What do left realist believe is a result of relative deprivation

Answer 20

Criminal subcultures

Question 21

What left realists believe social order will come from

Answer 21

A fair and just society

Question 22

Criticisms for left realists

Answer 22

Critics say that if left realists were right there’d be more crime

Hughes says that left realists haven’t explained why some people who experience relative deprivation see crime as a solution and others don’t. He argues that there would be slot more crime if relative deprivation was the main cause

Critics say that Kingsley lea and young didn’t collect enough data to develop a full theory of crime. Their theory only focuses on properly crime

Question 23

What do right realists believe are the three main causes of crime

Answer 23

Biology
A lack of socialisation
Rational choice

Question 24

Wilson and herrnstein

Answer 24

traits such as aggressiveness, extroversion, and low intelligence makes some people predisposed to commit crime.

Question 25

Why do Wilson and herrnstein argue that lone parent families are more likely to have criminal children

Answer 25

Because their socialisation hasn’t been complete

Question 26

Murray

Answer 26

Claims that the higher the risk of going to prison the less likely people are to commit crime

Question 27

Wilson

Answer 27

Beloved individuals commit crime because the gains out weighs the chances of being caught and punished.

Question 28

Wilson and kelling

Answer 28

Say that damage to the neighbourhood has to be put right straight away or problems of crime delinquency quickly get out of hand.this is called broken window idea-their article says that tolerating just one broken window sends the message that you can get away with crime

Question 29

Criticism of tight realism

Answer 29

The idea that criminals are biologically different is rejected by many as it comes from discredited theories

Mathews didn’t find any evidence that tolerating broken windows leads to crime

Critics also say that zero tolerance policies have led to a big rise in us prison population

Question 30

Zero tolerance policy

Answer 30

Issue harsh policies for the smallest crime as a deterrent to future offenders

Question 31

Realist theory

Answer 31

Crime is a real problem not a social construction