class, power and crime

Question 1

Criminogenic capitalism

Answer 1

Capitalism is criminogenic-by it’s nature it causes crime

Question 2

How may there be a rise to crime for the working class

Answer 2

Poverty may mean that crime is the only chance of survival

Only way of obtaining consumer goods

Alienation leads to frustration

Question 3

Gordon

Answer 3

Crime is a rational response to the capitalist system and found in all cases

Question 4

Chambliss

Answer 4

Agree with labelling theorists that crimes of the powerful are ignored

Question 5

Ideological function of crime and law

Answer 5

laws posted that appear to benefit WC eg workplace health but benefit the ruling class too eg keeping workers fir for work

Question 6

Evaluation of Marxism of crime

Answer 6

Too deterministic and over predicts amount of WC crime

Not all capitalist societies have high crime rates eg japan

Criminal justice system does sometimes

Question 7

Neomarxist

Answer 7

Practical solutions

Question 8

Taylor

Answer 8

Conflict is caused by extreme inequalist of wealth;
state enforced laws to benefit capitalist classes;
capitalism should be replaced by classes societies

Question 9

What does Taylor say about Marxism

Answer 9

Deterministic. Take voluntaristic view. They argue that crime often has a political motive

Question 10

What six aspects do Marxist argue need to unite the complete their of deviance

Answer 10

Wider origins of the deviant act (unequal distribution of wealth)

Immediate origins of deviant act (context)

act itself (meaning)

Immediate origins of social reaction (eg community)

Wider origins of social reaction (power to define defiancy)

Effects of labelling (deviancy amplification

Question 11

Evaluation of critical criminology

Answer 11

Feminists would argue they are “gender blind”
She

Romantises WC criminal Robin Hood

Too idealistic to tackle crime

Question 12

White collar crime

Answer 12

Crimes by people who are respectable and high social status (Sutherland)

Question 13

Sunderland

Answer 13

His definition fails to distinguish between two different types of crime

Occupational crime committed by employees for personal gain

Corporate crime committed by employees for their organisation

Question 14

Tombs

Answer 14

Any illegal act or omission that is the result of deliberate decisions/ neoiligence by a legitimate business intended to benefit them

Question 15

Financial crime

Answer 15

Tax, bribery etc

Question 16

Crime against consumers

Answer 16

Unfit goods

Question 17

Crimes against employees

Answer 17

Sexual/discrimination

Health and safety

Question 18

Crimes against the environment

Answer 18

Illegal pollution

Question 19

State-corporate crime

Answer 19

Government and businesses work together to pursue goals and cause harms

Question 20

Abuse trust

Answer 20

Position and status give opportunities to abuse trust

Accountants and lawyers can be employed by criminal organisations

Health professionals also afford scope for criminals activity eg fraudulent claims

Question 21

The invisibility of corporate crime

Answer 21

The crimes of the powerful are relatively invisibility; and even when visible, they are often not seen as real crime at all. There are several reasons for this

Question 22

Reasons for invisibility of corporate crime crime

Answer 22

The media 
Lack of political will 
The crimes are often complex 
De-labelling 
Under reporting 
Partial visibility

Question 23

The media

Answer 23

Gave very little coverage to corporate crime thus reinforcing the stereotypes that crime is a WC. Phenomenon

Question 24

Lack of political will

Answer 24

To tackle corporate crime
Politicians rhetoric of being “tough on crime” is focused instead on street crime for example while the home offices uses crime surveys to discover the true extent of “ordinary crime” it does not do so for corporate crime

Question 25

The crimes are often complex

Answer 25

And law enforced are often under staffed, u see resourced and lacking technical expertise to investigate effectively the

Question 26

De labelling

Answer 26

At the level of laws and legal regulation, corporate crime is consistently fitted from the process of criminalisation

Question 27

Under reporting

Answer 27

Often the victim is society at large or environment rather than an indentifiable individual

Question 28

Wilson and Herrnstein (1985)

Answer 28

traits such as aggressiveness, extroversion, and low intelligence makes some people predisposed to commit crime.

Question 29

Clarke

Answer 29

decisions to commit crime is choice based on rational calculation.

Question 30

young

Answer 30

zero tolerance is a myth peddled by politicians to take the credit for failing crime.

Question 31

Fully Social theory of crime

Answer 31

A comprehensive understand to help charge society for the better