sociology paper two 10th march Flashcards
‘believing without belonging’
with theorist
religions is becoming more simple and privatised
people are increasingly reluctant to join organisations eg. churches, political parties, trade unions.
but they still hold religious beliefs
davie (2013)
criticisms of davie 2 (with theorists)
if people don’t want to spend time at Church, it means that their belief can’t be that strong
what phrase ties capitalism to calvinism
elective affinity
criticism of liberation theology ending
pope john paul ii was heavily involved in the cold war so for him to say they should stay out of politics is hypocritical.
criticisms of weber’s beliefs on religion 2
tawney (1926): argues technological ideas caused the birth of capitalism. only after this happened did the bourgeoisie adopt this idea to legitimise their pursuit of wealth.
not every country became capitalist because it was following calvinist teachings. scotland was slow to economically develop despite having a large calvinist following
gramsci (1971)
claims the ruling class use religion to maintain control as a hegemony
eg. 1920-30s italy, the catholic church helped with the support of mussolinis facist regime
many popular forms of religion may help workers see through the ruling-class hegemony, offering a vision of a better world
judgment of whether religion is a force for social change or conservatism
religion can be a conservative force and more often
but it can sometimes be a force for change but only on specific circumstances
effects of the ageing population (3 basic points)
public services
one-person pensioner households
the dependency ratio
10 marker essay plan: (state the cause and the mechanism)
cause of lower death rates
improved healthcare and medical improvements
- advancements eg. immunisation and blood transfusions = better treatment, prolonging life
improved habits like nutrition and smoking
- better nutrition means bodies can fight off and resist illness better
- smoking has fallen dramatically meaning less are voluntarily shortening their lifespan
10 marker essay plan: (state the cause and the mechanism)
causes of an increasing ageing population
decline in infant mortality rate/ increasing life expectancy
- people living longer from better healthcare and more infants surviving from better services so this raises the average age of death
declining fertility rate
- the population structure is higher in old people due to comparison being larger and the dependency ratio being more old than young being dependent
10 marker essay plan: (state the cause and the mechanism)
causes of the politicisation of migration
increased migration
- causes social strain and tension which politicians and media respond to
economic challenges since 2008/9
- people are more resentful and see migration as ‘competition’ and politicians will exploit this resentment
4 points on aspects of churches, denominations and sects
membership
demands/attendance
alignment w state
monopoly of truth
2 causes of increased new age
individualism
loss of meta narratives
