february week two Flashcards
negatives of witte’s economy 5
economic slump 1904-05
living conditions didn’t improve 40% lacked sewage
67% light industry
20% budget repaying foreign loans
neglected consumer goods, from high tariffs
elements of cult of stalin 3 1928-41
censored everything
places named after him
history books rewritten to make him present and influential
possible motivations for the great terror
threat of war, feared fifth column
party dissent and riyutin affair
kirov gaining more votes
what ship did britain first target in the falklands war
general belgrano
what water did britain come to occupy in the falklands, making victory certain
and why
san carlos water
gave them a safe place to bring in troops and supplies
what did the falklands victory cause a resurgence of
national pride
what is an example of good relations with the usa 1979-90
and reactions
deploying us missile bases in the uk
led to fear and resentment
evident in songs by kate bush and sting
CND protests and the greenham women
what us island helped support britain in the falklands war
ascension island
what style of negotiation did thatcher use with europe, especially getting a rebate
handbag diplomacy
(abrasive negotiation)
new right statistic on family diversity with theorist
and critic
benson 2006
non-married couples x3 likely to break up than married
critic: may not be happy, money constraints, may have split up anyway?
analysis of ‘high hallway…gleaming fresh grass…two young women ballooned to the floor’ 3
- the soft language of his house contrasts to his firm manner, deceptive of the upper class lifestyle
- the soft language also depicts tom as a more powerful man
- toms presence dominates women and he brings them back to earth so he remains empowered
- women usually die in ways related to water + air contrasting men who die in fire + earth. therefore he is the reason for their downfall dictating their life and bringing them down to earth.
how does tom b differently treat myrtle and daisy - summarised
Myrtle (physical abuse) and Daisy (emotional control).
social darwinism and tom buchanan
He sees himself as part of an inherently/natural dominant elite, using pseudo-intellectual racism (The Rise of the Coloured Empires) to justify the rigid class system
mneumonic for studies in methods and context and what each stands for
big rebels will graduate
Becker (Ideal pupil)
Rosenthal & Jacobson (Self-fulfilling prophecy)
Willis (Lads & rejection of labels)
Gillborn (Ethnicity & labelling)
what section of society especially under tsars must i remember
the church!!!
2 examples of artwork under alexander ii
volga bargehaulers - ilya repin
abramstevo colony
who was head of the okrana under nicholas ii and created a police controlled trade union
zhubatov
durkeim theorised on the points of collective conscience and totems, what do these do?
collective conscience - maintains social integration
totems - reinforces social belonging
critic of malinowski
overgeneralises with a small-scale example eg trobriand islander
explain parsons’ value and meaning claim
legitimises/sacralises central values
eg USA flags, national anthem etc
eg of civil religion
+ other name
pledge allegiance to the flag
functional alternative
4 bp of marxism theories on beliefs
ideological justification of control
lenins spiritual gin and opiate of the masses
genuine comfort
indian caste system
explain how religion is an ideological justification of control
those in economic power also control the production of ideas through education and the church - superstructure
criticism of feminist views of religion
and example of patriarchy in religion usually forgotten x2
hijabs and veils symbolise liberation/emancipation
in catholicism, women cannot be priests
against abortion and divorce
3 definitions of religion and short explanations
substantiative - belief in a god or supernatural
functionalist - psychological, answering ultimate questions
constructive - no universal definition
criticism of giddens on globalisation
claims fundamentalism is a reaction to modernity
however modernity is reflexive, a reaction to tradition
describe the iran example of cultural defence/more fundamentalism
1950s, new shah more west-regime eg removing muslim calendar
1979 revolution using islam as the focus
caused the islamist republic
what word describes how indian middle class feel about their newfound wealth
and what do tele-gurus preach instead
ambivalence
‘spiritual balance’
How does Brabantio’s use of witchcraft accusations reinforce Othello’s “otherness”?
associating Othello with magic casts him as an outsider, reinforcing fears about Moors corrupting white women. reflects Elizabethan anxieties about race and interracial relationships.
Why is the handkerchief significant as a “magic” object in Othello? 2
Othello says it has “magic in the web of it.”
highlights how he is complicit in superstitious beliefs, making him easier to manipulate.
also symbolizes Desdemona’s lack of agency, as her fate is decided by the object.
How does Shakespeare critique the rigid class and racial structures of his time? 2
despite being noble and accomplished, is still treated as an outsider due to racial prejudice.
his downfall suggests that superstition and societal biases are more powerful than individual merit.
5 bp of opposition under lenin
civil war
tsarists
peasantry (incl army eg Kronstadt uprising p(
political opposition
internal opposition
non-scotland criticism of weber’s calvinist theory
capitalism actually arose from technology
bourgeoisie use this theory to legitimise their wealth
bruce overall point on CRM and NCR
religiously motivated protest groups need to allign with societys values what CRM did and NCR failed to do
gramsci 1971
the upper class use religion to legitimise hegenomy eg catholicism supported 1920/30s fascism
5 bp of areas in religion renewal choice
late mod
post mod
new age
relig market
existential security theory
2 main late mod theorists on religion not secularising & one extra
davie 2013
hervieu-leger 2000
day 2007
2 bp of late mod theorists on not secularising
lyon 2000
helland
2 bp of theorists on new age
lyon 2000
heelas and woodhead 2006
3 points on davie and explain each one
‘obligation to consumption’ - eg more adult baptisms than child, choose whether to follow religion or not
‘believing without belonging’ - we now value religion but dont always use it
spiritual health services - extension ao2 of above
lyon 2000 (not new age)
pms society of globalisation, media, consumerism has led to religion being disembedded - televangelism
example of how religion is a compensator on the religious market
as immortality is unobtainable, religion offers the idea of the afterlife
example of how religion goes through the cycle of renewal on the religious market
goes through process of declining and being replaced
church declines leaving gap for sects
criticism of religious monopolies in relig market theory with theorist 2
bruce 2003
- rejects idea, increasing religious diversity in europe has caused decline
- some non-relig monopolies continue to have high participation eg northern ireland and the middle east
4 points of industry and agr in cultural rev (excluding shakhty trial and stakhanovitism)
- shock workers and specialist baiting
- peasants equalised but crushed
- wages introduced to incentivise workers
- end of labour disciplines
youth education change in cr
youth education reaction in gr
150,000 joined edu in 1st 5yp
had to maintain love for mother russia and communism; hate capitalism and the west
stat on churches in cultural rev
1 in 40 functioning by 1940
eg of promoting bureaucratic class in great retreat
mc, police, elites given money - like tsars with nobles
inflation rate in 1986
2.5%
why does deregulation allowing to hire or fire/flexible labour cause employees to spend more
more jobs and higher wages as companies can answer to demands
what act abolished heaths metropolitan councils and what did this do
1986 local gov act
central gov power increased
4 new acts for women 1970-79
1970 equal pay act
1975 sex discrimination act
1976 domestic violence act (restraining order ag violent partner)
1979 charter on equality for women in trade unions
2 drawbacks of women in 70s
divided eg radical, liberal
despite 1970 equal pay act enforced in 1975, studies found wages only increased 59%-70% of men’s wages 1970-77
3 pos of immigration and 4 neg in 70s
positives
- rock against racism
- viv anderson 1978
- 1972 race relations act
negatives
- notting hill 1979 300 injured
- anti-nazi league teacher killed; blair peach
- 70/22,000 met police black
- national front 4th largest party
3 pos and 3 neg bp of race in 60s
positives
- chinese takeaways and asian corner shops
- notting hill carnival 1964
- 2 race relation acts
negatives
- powell rivers of blood
- 1965 north london study
- race relation act loopholes and failures
tokenism
Othello is powerful only in war but not truly accepted
3 changes 2 continuities of workers under alexander iii
bunge - restricted child labour in laws
lit rate 40% by 1897
illegal strikes 33 1886-1894
still small scale & bad conditions
still less than 2%
1 change of middle class/intelligentsia
1 change of nobility
mc - patrons of the art, Mamontov colonies
nobles - land captains
mneumonic for Russification under alexander iii & expl each
Every Parrot Can Fly High
Exiled/converted/killed - pobedonostev
Pogroms & May laws
Converted 37,000 luth + 100,000 Muslims
Finish diet reduced
Holy league supported
overall points showing opposition was needed & pursued 1894-04
politicisation after famine
- arrested 1000s
- police controlled TU by zhubatov
reasons for tsarist survival of 1905
french loans
military support
repression
failure of Marxists
two causes of 1905 rev
9th jan BS
russo Japanese war
6 groups who contributed to opposition 1906-14
peasants - rej stolypin but did calm down, less fierce
workers - Lena goldfields, lit rate
Marxists - learnt lessons, Pravda, control of putilov iron works
SR’s - in first 2 Dumas, killed 4500 off 1905-6
ethnic min - wanted autonomy in Finland & Poland
liberals - kadets and octobrists had position in first duma
2 things parsons says & the two criticisms of this
structural differentiation has meant the family no longer does education or health
fletcher - family still does this eg through NHS online, 111. and wasn’t fulfilling before eg no edu health before, women & kids treated harsh over animals
industrial rev has caused nuclear family to emerge
young & willmott - wasnt extended before as life exp so low
still extended now esp among wc families
theorists on new right function of the family
Murray and marsland 1984
radical feminist view on family theory w theorist
greer 2000 - need matrilocal households and separatism
what is the focus of liberal feminist theory (family)
look at policies & progress made
the scrutiny: method i always forget, hard to spot
& two comparisons
epistemic/deontic
objectify women
use time as an excuse
the flea: 2 comparisons
significance of blood
criticise religion
how do sects appeal more to women
they are:
organismic - usually ill health, offers compensators
ethical - more morally conservative, w decline in world, drawn to sects
socially - attract poor grps like women
positive impact of heaths u-turn
caused unemployment to fall to 500,000
how did the sunningdale agreement collapse
ulster council workers strike limited telecommunications, state of emergency declared
falkner resigned and wilson forced to reimpose direct rule
paternalistic conservatism
- who used it and how did it help
1951-64 domestic policies
showed economic prosperity and adds to one-nation conservatism
emphasizes the duties of the government to cultivate a good life for all citizens.
how had the special relationship impacted british society 1951-64
consumerism and cultural shifts (e.g., American influence on British society). eg self-service grocery stores
how did lenin reduce the standings of the burzhui 3
their houses became communals for workers
smallest rations
menial tasks like street sweeping
2 examples of ROC attacks under lenin
1921 teaching religion was banned
1925 ‘godless’ propaganda
eg of person making propaganda for lenin and what they did
mayakovsky made 3000 slogans for the party
who was housing minister 1951-54 and what were their achievements called
harold macmillan
‘national housing crusade’
That’s what I get for marrying a…
That’s what I get for marrying a brute of a man, a great big hulking physical specimen of a-
quote showing daisy is aware of the patriarchy but remains passive
the best thing a girl can be in this world is a beautiful little fool
quote showing daisy’s snobbery in her upper class lifestyle
‘pervading harshness’ she was appalled by west egg
how did trotsky get removed from power 3
declaration of 46 was condemned as factional (he claimed the party wasn’t democratic)
dec 1925 fired as commissar of war
deported in 1929
statistic of politburo meetings under stalin 1928-1941
x43 in 1932
x4 in 1938
describe internal divisions on joining the EEC in 1966
gaitskell - ‘giving up 1000 years of history’
castle + foot also said it was the first step to federalism and a capitalist club
europhiles eg jenkins
ambivalent eg wilson wanted to maintain atlantic alliance but also saw the economic benefits of the EEC
