Sociology

Question 1

Sociology

Answer 1

The systematic study of human society and social interactions

Question 2

Sociological imagination

Answer 2

The ability to see relationships between individual experiences and the larger society Ex: public issues

Question 3

Society

Answer 3

a large social grouping that shares the same geographical territory, same political authority, dominant cultural expectations.

Question 4

Functionalist perspective

Answer 4

Based on the assumption that society is stable orderly system.

Question 5

Post modernist perspective

Answer 5

Argue that existing theories have been unsuccessful in explaining social life in contemporary societies that are characterized by post-industrialization and global communications

Question 6

Symbolic interactionist perspective

Answer 6

argue that society is the sum of the interactions of individuals and groups

Question 7

Conflict perspective

Answer 7

Argue that groups in society are engaged in a continuous power struggle for control over scarce resources.

Question 8

Culture

Answer 8

the knowledge, language, vales, customs, and material objects that are passed from person to person.

Question 9

Nature vs. Nurture

Answer 9

nature being the environment they were born into goes into nurture that is provided by guardian.

Question 10

World view

Answer 10

a set of beliefs, values, and assumptions that shape a person’s or group outlook on life and how they interact with the world.

Question 11

socialization

Answer 11

the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society.

Question 12

social interaction

Answer 12

The process of how people influence each other during social encounters.

Question 13

agents of socialization

Answer 13

The persons, groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society.

Question 14

a generalized other

Answer 14

George Herbert Mead, the collective understanding of societal norms, values, and expectations that individuals internalize and use to guide their behavior and interpret social interactions within a community.

Question 15

social influence

Answer 15

The process by which individuals change their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors as a result of interactions with other people or groups.

Question 16

racial socialization

Answer 16

the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning that nature of one’s racial or ethnic status as it relates to our identity, relationships, and location.

Question 17

Social structure

Answer 17

The complex frame work of societal institutions and the social practices that make up a society and that organize and establish limits on people’s behavior.

Question 18

Studied nonobservance

Answer 18

a situation where individuals in a social setting deliberately choose not to acknowledge or respond to certain behaviors or social cues, essentially ignoring them, even if they are aware.

Question 19

values

Answer 19

a culture’s beliefs about what us good and just.

Question 20

Institutions

Answer 20

systems of rules, norms, and organizations that govern social life.

Question 21

Status symbols

Answer 21

a material sign that informs others of a person’s specific status

Question 22

Status

Answer 22

a socially defined position in a group or society characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties

Question 23

Roles

Answer 23

a set of behavioral expectations associated with a given status.

Question 24

Groups

Answer 24

a collection of people who share similar characteristics, values, and goals.

Question 25

organizations

Answer 25

a group of people who work together to achieve a common goal.

Question 26

formal organizations

Answer 26

a social system with a clear structure, rules, and goals.

Question 27

social group

Answer 27

a collection of two or more people who interact with each other, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity.

Question 28

Primary group

Answer 28

small, close-knit group of people who share long-term, intimate relationships.

Question 29

Secondary group

Answer 29

a relatively large, impersonal group of people who interact primarily to achieve a specific goal or task, with relationships often being temporary and focused on functional roles rather than emotional intimacy.

Question 30

Group think

Answer 30

The process by which members of a cohesive group arrive at a decision that many individual members privately believe is unwise.

Question 31

Goal Displacement

Answer 31

a process that occurs in organizations when the rules become an end in themselves rather than a means to an end, and organizational survival becomes more important than achievement of goals.

Question 32

Stigma

Answer 32

a social attribute that is discrediting to an individual or group.

Question 33

Conformity

Answer 33

The act of changing ones beliefs, actions, or attitudes to match those of the group.

Question 34

Deviance

Answer 34

any behavior, belief, or condition that violates significant social norms in society or group it occurs.

Question 35

Crime

Answer 35

Behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines, jail terms, or other negative sanctions.

Question 36

Rational choice theory

Answer 36

deviant behavior occurs when a person weighs the costs and benefits of criminal behavior and determines that the benefits will outweigh the risks involved.

Question 37

Differential association theory

Answer 37

The proposition that people have a greater tendency to deviate from societal norms when they frequently associate with persons who are more favorable toward deviance than conformity.

Question 38

Social bond theory

Answer 38

The proposition that the probability of deviant behavior increases when a person's ties to society are weakened or broken.

Question 39

Incapacitation

Answer 39

A criminal justice theory that aims to prevent crime by removing an offender from society.

Question 40

Rehabilitation

Answer 40

the study f social processes and structures that help people reintegrate into society after a health impairment or disability.

Question 41

Social stratification

Answer 41

the hierarchical arrangement of large social groups based on their control of basic resources.

Question 42

Conflict perspective

Answer 42

A view of that society is characterized by conflict and inequality, and that power imbalances lead to social injustice.

Question 43

Social class

Answer 43

A way to describe the divisions in society based on factors like wealth, income, education, and occupation.

Question 44

social mobility

Answer 44

the movement of individuals or groups from one level in a stratification system to another

Question 45

Social inequality

Answer 45

The unequal distribution of resources, power, and opportunities among individuals and groups within society.

Question 46

Caste Systems

Answer 46

a system of social inequality in which people's status is permanently determined at birth based on their parents' ascribed characteristics.