Patho final disorders Flashcards
Irritable bowel syndrome
Des: long term digestive condition where someone experiences changes in bowel movements and abdominal pan.
Signs and symptoms:
- bloating
- nausea
-migraine headaches
-excessive gas
Treatment:
anti-inflammatory drugs and antimicrobials
Peritonitis
Def: inflammation of peritoneal lining
Signs and symptoms: abdomen pain, fluid in abdomen, low blood pressure, dehydration
Treatment: antibiotics, surgery, IV fluids, relocation of dialysis
Urethritis
Def: inflammation of the urethra
Signs and Symptoms: abdominal pain, enlarged groin & lymph nodes, pain during urination
Treatment: antibiotics, ibprophen, pain relivers
Glomerulonephritis
Def: inflammation of the glomeruli
Signs and Symptoms: swelling of feet, face, belly, blood and protein in urine, high blood pressure
Treatment: corticosteroids, dialysis, kidney transplant
Conjunctivitis
Def: pink eye, small blood vessels in the conjunctiva become swollen and irritated
Signs and symptoms: redness, itchiness, discharge and crust
treatment: eye drops, cleaning eyelid, antiviral meds
Cataracts
Def: clouding of the lens from proteins breaking down
Signs and symptoms: cloudy or blurry visions, harsh lights seem too bright.
Treatment: surgical removal, change in prescription
Otitis Media
Def: inflammation or infection of middle ear
Signs and symptoms: sever pain, earache, membrane red and bulging, hearing loss.
Treatment: Ibuprofen, antibacterial, decongestant, surgery
Meniere Syndrome
Def: inner ear labyrinth disorder causing vertigo and nausea
Signs and symptoms: severe vertigo, tinnitus, unilateral hearing loss, nystagmus-involuntary eye movement
Treatment: no cure, meds, therapies, surgical intervention
Dysphagia
Def: difficulty swallowing
Signs and symptoms: difficulty swallowing, pain, feeling food come back up, a lump in throat.
Treatment: swallowing therapy, dietary modifications, meds, surgery
Esophageal cancer
Def: cancer that develops in the esophagus
Signs and symptoms: weight loss, chest pain, heartburn, coughing
Treatment: surgery, esophagectomy, chemotherapy, laparoscopic surgery
Pyelonephritis
Def: kidney infection, bacterial or viral infection that causes inflammation
Signs and symptoms: fever, pain in lower back, pain when urinating, blood or cloudy urine
Treatment: antibiotics, surgery
Urolithiasis
Def: Formation of stones in urinary tract
Signs and symptoms: severe pain from back to groin, hematuria, constant and painful urination
Treatment: Meds, surgery, hydration
Glaucoma
Def: Chronic eye condition that causes vision loss or blindness
Signs and symptoms: asymptomatic at fist, slowly loses peripheral vision
Treatment: eye drops, laser, surgical
Otosclerosis
Def: abnormal bone growth in middle ear, leading to hearing loss and balance problems
Signs and symptoms: hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo
Treatment: hearing aids, stapedectomy, sodium fluoride tablets
Pancreatic cancer
Def: malignant tumor in tissues if pancreas
Signs and symptoms: abdominal pain, weight loss, jaundice
Treatment: surgery, chemo, radiation
Jaundice
Def: yellowing of skin from excess bilirubin in blood
Signs and symptoms: yellow discoloration, dark urine, itching
Treatment: meds. lifestyle changes, relieve bile duct obstructions
Polycystic kidney disorder
Def: genetic condition where growth of numerous cysts in kidney, leading to damage and failure
signs and symptoms: high blood pressure, back or side pan, kidney stones, blood in urine
Treatment: no cure, treat symptoms, antibiotics
Cystitis
Def: urinary tract infection resulting in inflammation of the bladder
Signs and symptoms: frequent painful urination, pain in lower abdomen, smelly bloody cloudy urine
Treatments: antibiotics, proper hygiene, pain relivers. increased fluids.
Diabetic retinopathy
Def: diabetes complication that affects the eyes
Signs and symptoms: spots or dark stings in eye, blurry vision, vision loss
Treatment: laser treatment, vitrectomy, injecting meds
Amblyopia’s
Def: lazy eye
signs and symptoms: eye wandering inward or outward, poor depth perception, head tilting
Treatment: corrective eyewear, eye patches, eye drops, surgery
Hemorrhoids
Def: swollen veins in anus lower rectum
Signs and symptoms: itching or irritation in anus, swelling around anus, bleeding
Treatment: high fiber foods, hemorrhoid cream, pain relievers, removal, stapling
Appendicitis
Def: inflammation of appendix
Signs and symptoms: sudden pain around belly then moves, pain worsens with sudden movements, constipation or diarrhea
Treatment: surgery and antibiotics
urinary incontinence
Def: loss of bladder control
Signs and symptoms: leaking, involuntary excretion, dribbling
Treatment: bladder training, double voiding, fluid and diet management
Presbyopia
Def: gradual loss of eyes being able to focus on nearby objects
Signs and symptoms: blurred vision, eye strain, headaches, needing more light
Treatment: corrective eye wear, refractive surgery, lens implants.
Strabismus
Def: vision disorder for crossed eyed or hypertropia
Signs and symptoms: misaligned eye, tilting, frequent blinking
Treatment: glasses, surgery, eye patch, Botox
Hiatal hernia
Def: abdominal organs pass through diaphragm into the chest
Signs and symptoms: heart burn, regurgitation, feeling full, chest or abdominal pain
Treatment: surgery, drugs
Renal Abscess
Def: painful pus filled lump that appears near the anus
Signs and symptoms: pain with throbbing, swelling, discharge pf pus, constipations
Treatment: draining, baths, heal on its own.
Macular degeneration
Def: eye condition affecting the central part of the retina, leading to vision loss.
Signs and symptoms: blurred central vision, dark sports in center of eye, straight lines seem wavy, faded colors
Treatment: vitamins, vision aids, laser
Nephrotic syndrome
Def: disorder resulting from damage to glomeruli
Signs and symptoms: sharp stabbing pain in the back, blood , cloudy, foul smelling pee
Treatment: Diuretics, corticosteroids, high blood pressure
Gastric Cancer
Def: malignant cells forming in the lining of the stomach
Treatment: surgery, chemo, radiation
Signs and symptoms: indigestion, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, abdominal pain, blood in stool or vomit
Crohn’s disease
Def: Inflammatory bowel disease affecting any part of the GI
Signs and symptoms: abdominal pain, diarrhea, mouth sores, nutritional deficiencies
Treatment: meds, anti-inflammatory, dietary changes, surgery
Sjogren syndrome
Def: Chronic autoimmune disease affecting the body’s moisture producing glands.
signs and symptoms: dry eyes, dry mouth, cracked lips, swollen salivary glands, joint pain, peripheral neuropathy.
Treatment: artificial tears, NSAIDS, life style changes.
Ulcerative colitis
Def: chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the colon
Symptoms: diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, weight loss and malnutrition
Treatment: corticosteroids, antibiotics, surgery, lifestyle changes
Hydronephrosis
Def: swelling of both kidneys due to buildup of urine due to a blockage in the urinary tract
Symptoms: painful and frequent urination, hematuria, swelling in abdomen, infections
Treatment: draining urine, antibiotics, surgery, stents, meds, chemo
Tinnitus
Def: ringing noise in one or both ears
Symptoms: ringing constant noise, different touches change the quality of sound, may pulse
Treatment: no cure, hearing aids, meds
Chronic kidney disease
Def: kidneys gradually lose their ability to function over three months
Symptoms: swelling, skin changes, urination, insomnia, bone pain, numbness
Treatment: dialysis, kidney transplant, blood pressure meds, blood thinners, calcium vitamin D
Celiac Disease
Def: chronic digestive and immune disorder that damages small intestine
Symptoms: diarrhea, abdominal pain, gas, weight loss, anemia, skin rash
Treatment: strict, gluten free diet
Peptic ulcers
Def: open sores in the lining of the stomach
symptoms: pain in upper abdomen, bloating, stools are black or dark red, heart burn
Treatment: antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, antacids, surgery, probiotics
colorectal cancer
Def: cancer that happens in the colon or rectum
Symptoms: change in bowel, blood in stool, diarrhea, abdominal aches
Treatment: surgery and chemo
Renal cell carcinoma
Def: cancer that forms in the lining of the kidney tubules
Symptoms: blood in urine, pain on both sides, firm lump in abdomen, anemia
Treatment: surgery, ablation, radiation, chemo
Otis externa
Def: swimmer ear, inflammation of the ear canal caused by bacteria, fungus
Symptoms: redness of outer ear, itching, drainage from ear, swelling, muffled hearing
Treatment: antibiotic ear drops, pain medication, keeping ear dry
Detached Retina
Def: detached retina from the back of the eye
Symptoms: floaters, shadows. visual field defects
Treatment: laser therapy, cryotherapy, surgery
