socioemtional development in late adulthood Flashcards

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1
Q

stereotypes of older adults

A

belief that they are lonely; lack close friends and family; have a higher rate of mood disorders; and are rigid, unable to cope with age-related declines, one-dimensional, dependent, and cognitively impaired

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2
Q

self-concepts

A

multifaceted, complex and stable
-most maintain a positive view
-categorize

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3
Q

subjective age

A

most feel younger
-avoid self being “old”
-related to well-being
-crystallized intelligence stays good
-

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4
Q

life review

A

reflecting on past experiences and contemplating the meaning of those experiences and their role in shaping one’s life
-integral to develp a sense of ego integrity vs despair

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5
Q

ego integrity vs despair

A

the last stage in Erikson’s (1959) psychosocial theory, in which older adults find a sense of coherence in life experiences and ultimately conclude that that their lives are meaningful and valuable
-relies on cognitive development and social factors
-

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6
Q

personality

A

remains stable
-might mellow out
-

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7
Q

sexuality

A

older people maintain sexual interest and remain sexually capable and active
-declines with age but sexual satisfaction often remains unchanged
-correlate of health

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8
Q

friendships

A

-become more important and fulfilling
-become more centered on activities
-as older report more friends of different ages
-helps health

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9
Q

marriage, divorce, cohabitation

A

-marital satisfaction tends to increase
-report divorce because poor communication, emotional detachment etc
-may have more difficulties adjusting to divorce
-cohabitation is common
-enter as an alternate to marriage
-

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10
Q

relationships with children and grand children

A

-increase opportunities for emotional support
-remains strong even though contact may decrease

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11
Q

disengagement theory

A

-incorrect
- older adults are thought to disengage from society, relinquishing valued social roles and reducing interaction, as they anticipate death
-

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12
Q

activity theory

A
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13
Q

continuity theory

A

successful aging entails not simply remaining active but maintaining a sense of consistency in self across one’s past into the future
- people are motivated to maintain their habits, personalities, and lifestyles, adapting as needed to maintain a sense of continuity, that they are the same person they have always been
-

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14
Q

socioemotional selectivity theory

A

the functions of social interactions change with age
-As perceived time left diminishes, people tend to discard peripheral relationships and focus on important ones, such as those with close family members and friends
-

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15
Q

neighborhoods

A

-influence adaptation through provision of physical and social resources
-suburban tend to be happiest, but walk less
-urban have better access
-rural interact with neighbors more

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16
Q

aging in place

A

most prefer to age in their homes.
-permits control
-

17
Q

deciding to retire

A

-process begins long before last day of employment
-influences: health, financial, stress, sense of control

18
Q

transition to retirement

A

-honeymoon phase
-disenchantment
-social and intellectually active

19
Q

clinical death

A

when heart stops beating
-heartbeat is no longer clear marker of life

20
Q

whole brain death

A

irreversible loss of functioning in the brain that may occur prior to clinical death

20
Q

persistent vegetative state (PVS)

A

the person appears awake and maintains heart rate and respiration but is not aware, due to the permanent loss of all activity in the cortex
-not recognized as death
-

21
Q

dying trajectory

A

the rate of decline that people show prior to death
-4 patterns
-abrupt surprise death: sudden, unexpected
-short-term expected: a steady predictable decline due to a terminal illness such as cancer
-expected lingering: is anticipated but prolonged, such as in the case of frailty and old age
-entry-reentry: slow declines are punctuated by a series of crises and partial recoveries

22
Q

emotional reactions to dying

A

5 reactions
denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance

23
Q

death with dignity

A

ending life in a way that is true to one’s preferences, controlling one’s end-of-life care

24
Q

durable power of attorney

A

a document in which individuals legally authorize a trusted relative or friend (called a health care proxy) to make health care decisions on their behalf if they are unable to do so

25
Q

euthanasia

A

practice of assisting terminally ill people in dying more quickly

26
Q

passive euthanasia

A

life-sustaining treatment is withheld

27
Q

active euthanasia

A

death is deliberately induced, pain medication

28
Q

physician-assisted suicide

A

a type of voluntary active euthanasia in which terminally ill patients make the conscious decision that they want their life to end before dying becomes a protracted process

29
Q

hospice

A

end-of-life care that emphasizes dying patients’ needs for pain management; psychological, spiritual, and social support; and death with dignity
-prolonging quality of life

30
Q

palliative care

A

focusing on controlling pain and related symptoms

31
Q

grief

A

an array of emotions such as hurt, anger, guilt, and confusion

32
Q

bereavement

A

state of loss
-triggers grief

33
Q

mourning

A

culturally patterned ritualistic ways of displaying and expressing bereavement, including special clothing, food, prayers, and gatherings.
-funeral,

34
Q

noncorporeal continuation

A

the view that some form of life and personal continuity exists after the physical body has died

35
Q

dual-process model of grief

A

bereavement is accompanied by two types of stressors
-loss-oriented and comprises the emotional aspects of grief that accompany the loss of an attachment figure, such as managing emotions and breaking ties to the deceased
-Restoration-oriented stressors represent secondary losses; these are the life changes that accompany the death, such as moving to a different residence, social isolation, establishing new roles, and managing practical details, such as paperwork

36
Q

widowhood effect

A

Widowed adults show maladaptive immune and hormone responses and poor health behaviors