exam 3

Question 1

preoperational reasoning

Question 2

egocentrism

Answer 2

the inability to take another person’s point of view or perspective
-think people share their feelings, knowledge, and even physical view of the world

Question 3

three mountain task

Answer 3

A classic task used to illustrate preoperational children’s egocentrism
=young children in the preoperational stage demonstrated egocentrism because they described the scene from their own perspective rather than the doll’s. They did not understand that the doll would have a different view of the mountains

Question 4

animism

Answer 4

the belief that inanimate objects are alive and have feelings and intentions
-raining bc sun is crying

Question 5

centration

Answer 5

the tendency to focus on one part of a stimulus or situation and exclude all others
-wear a dress ur a girl
-demonstrated by the appearance-reality distinction
-thought a cat was a dog bc of a mask
-can’t effective dual encoding

Question 6

irreversibility

Answer 6

A characteristic of preoperational reasoning in which a child does not understand that an action can be reversed and a thing restored to its original state.

Question 7

conservation

Answer 7

the understanding that the physical quantity of a substance, such as number, mass, or volume, remains the same even when its appearance changes

Question 8

guided participation

Answer 8

also known as apprenticeship in thinking; the process by which people learn from others who guide them, providing a scaffold to help them accomplish more than the child could do alone