physical and cognitive development in middle

Question 1

how do adults compensate for changes

Answer 1

modifying their behavior

Question 2

changes in vision occur ____ and changes in hearing occur _____

Answer 2

40, 50

Question 3

why does vision decline

Answer 3

cornea flattens results in presbyopia (farsightedness)-close objects

Question 4

adults night vision declines ___ as fast as day vision

Answer 4

2x, lens yellow and size of pupil shrinks, vitreous opaque

Question 5

presbycusis

Answer 5

age related hearing loss
-high pitched sounds like f vs s and p vs t
-influenced by genetics
-mens goes faster tha womens

Question 6

epidermis

Answer 6

less taut; outer layer

Question 7

dermis

Answer 7

thins and loosens attachment to the epi

Question 8

hypodermis

Answer 8

declines in elasticity

Question 9

women skin thins faster because

Answer 9

hormonal changes

Question 10

isometric strength

Answer 10

subtle contractions used to hold a hand grip, push off a wall, stretch, or practice yoga is maintained throughout adulthood

Question 11

osteoporosis

Answer 11

severe bone loss that leads to brittle and easily fractured bones

Question 12

peak muscle strength

Answer 12

20s

Question 13

menopause

Answer 13

cessation of ovulation and menstruation
-51 or 42-58
-occurs earlier for women exposed to bas things

Question 14

perimenopause

Answer 14

transition to menopause
-3 years before and after
-hormones decline and symptoms appear
-can lead to a suprise pregnancy

Question 15

hormone replacement therapy

Question 16

when menopause is viewed as a medical event ____

Answer 16

women view it as a negative thing

Question 17

stress ad illness can cause _____ in men

Answer 17

male menopause

Question 18

crystallized intelligence

Answer 18

accumulation of facts and information
-memory of spelling, vocabulary, formulas, and dates in history
-

Question 19

fluid intelligence

Answer 19

a person’s underlying capacity to make connections among ideas and draw inferences
-solve problems quickly and adapt to complex and rapidly changing situations.

Question 20

what components of crystallized increase

Answer 20

verbal ability and verbal memory

Question 21

what decrease

Answer 21

Fluid intelligence, such as perceptual speed, spatial orientation, and numeric ability, decreases in early adulthood, suggesting that cognitive processing slows with age. In contrast, inductive reasoning, generally thought a fluid intellectual ability, is maintained

Question 22

gains in what help compensate and adapt to loss of fluid intel.

Answer 22

crystalized

Question 23

flynn effect

Answer 23

people are getting “smarter” with each generation
-closely related to historical events
-changes in nutrition, health care, education, and environmental stimulation
-

Question 24

with age adults show difficulty

Question 25

working memory

Answer 25

declines gradually and steadily -Changes in attention are related to memory decline -decline in use of memory strategies -

Question 26

adults use strategies to maximize their memory

Answer 26

organizing notes, lists

Question 27

speed of processing

Answer 27

reduced, -reaction time is much slower - influenced by their capacities for attention. -loss of white matter -naturally compensate by modifying their activities to emphasize skills that rely on accumulated knowledge

Question 28

expertise

Answer 28

an elaborate and integrated knowledge base that underlies extraordinary proficiency in a given task -experts maintain their performance in their areas of expertise, often by relying on external supports, such as notes

Question 29

selective optimization with compensation

Answer 29

the ability to adapt to changes over time, optimize current functioning, and compensate for losses in order to preserve performance despite declines in fluid abilities -