Sociocultural factors on skills and stages of learning

Question 1

Three stages of learning

Answer 1

• Cognitive
• Associative
• Autonomous

Question 2

Cognitive Stage

Answer 2

This is the initial phase of learning of a motor skill where the emphasis is on
conscious understanding of the task requirements

Question 3

Characteristics of Cognitive Stage

Answer 3

• Learner needs to dedicate large amount of attention to requirements of task
• Learner will make many errors and will not know how to correct errors as they have not developed their error detection and correction abilities
• Fastest stage of learning

Question 4

Associative stage

Answer 4

The associative stage of learning is the second phase in the learning of a new skill, in which movement patterns
become more refined and
consistent through practice.

Question 5

Characteristics of associative stage

Answer 5

• Perform basic mechanics of a skill with relatively few mistakes
• Adopts strategies to correct errors through practice
• Often considered practice stage
• The learner requires less attention to complete the skill and this allows them
  to attend to other aspects of successful performance such as decision making and tactics

Question 6

Autonomous stage

Answer 6

Final stage of skill learning where the performer is
able to perform the skills
automatically.

Question 7

Autonomous stage characteristics

Answer 7

• Consistent performance with very few minor mistakes
• Performance of skill requires very little attention as it is now automatic
• Learner can focus on game styles, decision making and tactics to a greater degree due to low level of attention required for basic skills

Question 8

Enabler

Answer 8

Something or someone that has a positive effect on
one’s movement skills.

Question 9

Barrier

Answer 9

Something or someone that has a negative effect on
one’s movement skills.

Question 10

Cultural factors that affect skill learning

Answer 10

• Education
• Politics
• Religion
• Social organisations
• Technology
• Values
• Attitudes
• Race
• Climate
• Housing
• Child-rearing practices
• Geographic location

Question 11

Social factors that affect skill learning

Answer 11

Family structure
* Role and status in society
* Time
* Available resources
* Access to equipment
* Access to coaches
* Discrimination
* Personality
* Self-belief (e.g. perceived competence)
* Self-motivation
* Active role models
* Parental encouragement