Society (+ Domestic Challenges) Flashcards
When was the Aragonese revolt?
1591
When did lawlessness begin to grow in Aragon?
1578 - the 1580s also saw considerable tensions between lords and the poor
Who was appointed viceroy in 1588? Why was this met with displeasure?
Marquis of Almenara - because he was not native and this therefore undermined the Aragonese fueros
What was created in 1590 and why?
The open defiance in Zaragoza led to the creation of the Council of War
When did Perez flee to Aragon? How did the Castilian authorities retaliate?
April 1590, seeking protective custody from the justiciar. The Castilian authorities then accused him of heresy and sent 14 000 soldiers and 3000 cavalry into Aragon in 1591.
When was the general amnesty of the Aragonese Revolt?
1592
How many ringleaders were executed?
150
Consequences of the Aragonese Revolt - level of threat it posed?
- hampered Philip’s government as it coincided with unrest in madrid and toledo and the taxation revolt in sicily
- executions helped restore royal authority
- posed no real threat as Philip continued to appoint non - native officials and there was no significant uprising outside of Zaragoza
- Philip promised to uphold Aragonese fueros
What was decided in June 1592?
A cortes met at Tarazona and the following was decided:
- a fugitive from another Habsburg territory who sought
solace in Aragon could be extradited
- office of justiciar changed from life appointment to one
appointed by the king
- king was given greater voice to prevent the overpowering
of the aristocracy
- diputacion del reyno lost much of their power
When was the Escorial Palace built?
Construction began in 1563 and ended in 1584.
1559 decree
forbade Spaniards going abroad to study - as a result few scholars also visited the peninsula after this date
Index of Forbidden Books
Published in 1559 and contained 700 books that were banned in Spain. By 1583 it included the names of all known heretics and influential figures such as Avila.
What universities opened and when?
Baeza (1565), Orihuela (1568) and Tarragona (1572).
Explain art under Philip II. Who was his favourite painter?
Mannerism was a popular art style that reflected the counter-reformation and architecture flourished with the Granada Cathedral being one of many buildings still admired today. Italian painter Titian was a favourite of the king and painted portraits of Philip up until his passing in 1576. It is said Philip paid him 1000 escudos for certain portraits
Outline some technological and intellectual advancements.
- Pedro Simon Adril argued in 1589 that mathematics directed men to the ‘secure and firm truth’
- in 1592 Luis Collado made advancements in artillery
- 1551 Martin Cortes wrote treatises on navigation
- palacio wrote the first treaty on shipbuilding in 1587
- 47% of the new scientific developments were in medicine.
- Juan Lopez observed the eclipsing of the sun in the 1570s and this influenced later astronomers
- Juan Batista Lavana received 400 ducats a year to undertake research on cosmography, geography, mathematics and topography
- any other valid points
