Foreign Policy (Turks/Africa) Flashcards
Importance of the Mediterranean
Needed it to communicate between Spain’s empire, especially the key Italian dominions, Naples and Sicily, which were on the front line of the Turk conflict. Naval achievements in Mediterranean also benefitted Spanish commerce and shipping.
Tripoli Offensive? What was the result?
1559 - all that was captured was djerba and as a result Philip decided to switch to a more defensive strategy and develop the navy
How many men were lost in the Tripoli offensive? Why was it doomed to fail?
18 000 men were lost and 42/80 of its vessels. The fleet had taken over 6 months to assemble so was inevitably doomed to fail.
Blockade of Naples
1560 - dragut blockaded maples with 35 vessels
Oran
1563, the Spanish successfully saved the North African town
Besiege of Malta
1565 - Philip and the Knights Templar were taken by surprise despite repeated warnings and the Ottomans were only unsuccessful because the viceroy stepped in. This did give the Spanish a renewed sense of confidence.
Viceroy of Naples
Pedro Afán de Ribera
When and where did the period of naval reconstruction begin?
1565 - barcelona, naples and sicily
Malaga
1566 - 28 Biscayan ships were lost to the Ottomans
Fall of Cyprus
1570
Battle of Lepanto
1571 between the Ottomans and the Holy League
Which artist commemorated the battle of Lepanto?
Titian
When were the truces with Ottomans? (5)
1578, 1580, 1581, 1584, 1587
When did the Spanish gain Tunis? When did the Turks regain Tunis?
1573, 1574
What were the Turks preoccupied with after 1578?
Persia
How many ships did the Ottomans lose? What about the Spanish?
Ottomans lost 130 whereas the Spanish only lost 12
What does Parker imply about Philip’s motives in relation to the Ottomans?
That his religious motives were subordinate to his strategic motives.
Who commanded the holy league?
Don John commanded the Spanish fleet and Sebastiano Venier the venetian. Marc Antonio Colonna commanded the papal galleys.
Why did Philip not benefit from the Holy League the way he had hoped he would?
Because he had to provide the majority of the fleet.
Fall of Cyprus
1570
How did the winter benefit the Spanish?
The major powers avoided lengthy military campaigns during winter. This kept Muslim allies apart and prevented more regular and coordinated attacks on Spanish targets.
