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Society Flashcards

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1
Q

What does society mean?

A

The population and the groups it can be split into i.e gentry and aristocracy

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2
Q

What are three factors that affect population size?

A

Migration
Death rate
Birth rate

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3
Q

What was the size of the population in 1348?

A

4.8 million

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4
Q

What was the size of the population in 1430?

A

2.2 million

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5
Q

Why did the population size fall between 1300-1500?

A

The Black Death

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6
Q

What was the size of the population in 1600?

A

4.1 million

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7
Q

What was the size of the population in 1650?

A

5.3 million

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8
Q

What was the size of the population in 1700?

A

5.2 million

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9
Q

When does the population size recover from the Black Death?

A

1625

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10
Q

What fraction of Londoners does the Great Plague kill?

A

1/5

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11
Q

What is subsistence farming?

A

Farming to look after the household and leaving little for trade

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12
Q

What part of England remained largely uninhabited?

A

The north

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13
Q

What class grew rapidly since 1500?

A

The gentry and merchant class

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14
Q

Why were there occasionally bursts in population size?

A

Huguenots and Americas being discovered

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15
Q

What percentage of Norwich was made up of migrants?

A

35%

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16
Q

Why did fertility rates fall between 1650 and 1700?

A

People were getting married later and having less children

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17
Q

How big was London compared to the next biggest English city?

A

Ten times bigger

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18
Q

What percentage of the population lived in London in 1700?

A

9%

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19
Q

What percentage of the population lived in London in 1520?

A

2.75%

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20
Q

How did London emerge as such a significant trade centre?

A

It has three rivers that surround it which made it defendable so the Romans, Anglo-Saxons and Normans built on

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21
Q

Who were three notable members of the gentry?

A

John Pym, Oliver Cromwell, George Monck

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22
Q

How many upper gentry were there ?

A

3,000

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23
Q

How many lower gentry were there?

A

12,000

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24
Q

How many people as well as upper and lower gentry were there in Yorkshire?

A

Population = 300,000
Upper Gentry = 256
Lower Gentry = 323

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25
What percentage of wealth belonged to the gentry?
50%
26
What percentage of wealth belonged to the nobility?
15%
27
Why did the influence of the gentry increase?
Their second and third sons became lawyers and politicians
28
Why did the role of the gentry increase during the Civil War?
The role of parliament was more important so Charles 1 had to call on them for help
29
What was Tawney's view on why the gentry grew?
The collapse of the nobility
30
What was Trevor-Roper's view on why the gentry grew?
Their involvement in politics
31
What were the two groups the poor could be split into?
The settled poor and the vagrant poor
32
What were the settled poor?
Those who were established in one parish and did not move around to find work
33
What were the vagrant poor?
Those who traditionally travelled in order to sustain themselves
34
What percentage of the population were arrested for vagrancy in the 1630s?
0.5%
35
What percentage of village population became slaves?
40%
36
What were the advantages of becoming a slave?
Free housing, clothing, food and safeguarding from inflation
37
What fraction of village population left to find work elsewhere?
1/3
38
How many people went to America with the Puritans?
200,000
39
How is poverty dealt with in the 1600s?
Elizabethan Poor Laws in 1601 - tax to parishes to help the unemployed
40
What fraction of the urban population lived near the poverty line?
2/3
41
When was the Book of Orders and what did it include about poverty?
1631 - provisions on relief of poor and treatment vagrants
42
What did the Act of 1601 do for poverty?
It allowed them to beg for food and set up poorhouses
43
In 1650 how much was state relief?
£188,000
44
When did the Cavalier Parliament pass the Poor Relief Act and what did it achieve?
1662 - stopped squatting and allowed vagrants to be sent back to their original parishes
45
What percentage of London was burned down in the Great Fire?
60%
46
Why and did the Huguenots moved to England?
1685 - The Edict of Nantes was torn up
47
What and where did the Huguenots set up?
Silk industry in spitalfields
48
What famous shipping company did the Huguenots set up?
Lords of London
49
When was the Bank of England set up?
1694
50
What percentage of British imports and exports were handled by London?
80% of imports and 69% of exports
51
What happened when the Thames froze over and they couldn't transport goods?
They had frost fares
52
When was Bristol captured by Royalists and used to make weapons?
1643
53
How many slave voyages were made from Bristol between 1690-1807?
2000 and carried 1/2 million slaves
54
What did Bristol import and export to the colonies?
Import - Sugar and tobacco Export - Textiles, pottery and glass
55
What town became known as the slave capital of England?
Bristol
56
What was Liverpool known for?
Trading with the West Indies
57
What were profits from slave trading in Liverpool used for?
Infrastructure like Liverpool town hall
58
What migrants moved into Liverpool?
Irish and Welsh
59
What town grew faster Bristol or Liverpool?
Liverpool
60
Why did development not occur in the North?
Merchants did not want to live in towns but instead in wealthy suburbs
61
When did Charles I steal money from the Tower of London so merchants could set up banks?
1640
62
When was the first cheque drawn?
1659
63
When did Charles II steal money from bankers?
1672
64
When did Lloyds bank open its first coffee shop?
1688
65
When was money scrivening set up?
1652-1655
66
How much did money scrivening raise?
£1,137,000
67
What were the number of goldsmiths in 1670 and 1677?
1670 - 34 1677 - 44
68
What was the main role of women in the 1600s?
To home and raise children
69
What were the views on infertility?
It was punishment from God
70
Why was marriage important for women?
When married they gained social status and unmarried women were accused of witch craft
71
What did Puritans give women?
They got access to education as they saw them as the heart of the family
72
What role did women play in poorer areas?
Doctors
73
Which group were the largest advocates for women's rights?
The Quakers
74
How many female schools did the Quakers build by 1671?
4
75
What was the brank?
A punishment that was a metal helmet to stop gossiping women talking
76
What and when was the Adultery Act?
1650 - adultery was punishable by death
77
What was the problem with the Adultery Act?
It was used on women more than men
78
When and what was the Toleration Act?
1650 - allowed Quaker women to flourish
79
When and what was the Quaker Act?
1662 - limited the rights of Quakers
80
When was the petition to free John Lilburne?
1649
81
How many women signed the petition to free John Lilburne?
10,000
82
How did Parliament react to the Lilburne petition?
They dismissed it
83
What did the Levellers argue for?
Wealth should be distributed equally amongst the poor
84
What was enclosure?
Putting hedges around common land but Levellers beat down the hedges and made it level and thus equal
85
Who were the ranters?
An extreme form of levellers
86
Who was Thomas Hobbes?
He tutored sons of the gentry and argued there should be a strong protective state
87
Who was John Locke?
A Puritan who fought for Parliament in the Civil War and he became a Whig advocate
88
What groups of ideals were floating around during the Stuart Period?
Francis Bacon and Isaac Newton
89
What did Bacon believe in?
Meticulous studying to find the truth
90
What did Newton believe in?
Physics
91
When and what were in Newton's first letters to the Royal Society?
1672 - Described his research on the light spectrum and telescope
92
When was Newton elected as the 12th President of the Royal Society?
1703
93
When was the Royal Society founded?
1660
94
What studies did the Royal Society include?
Botany, chemistry, physics
95
Who were members of the Royal Society?
John Locke, Earl of Sandwich, Samuel Pepps and John Dryden
96
Why did science start becoming accepted by the public?
Support from Charles II
97
What group was excluded from Oxbridge?
Religious Non-conformists
98
When did John Aubrey start modern archaeology?
1663
99
When was the first professional scientific journal written?
1665
100
When was micro biology first being learnt?
1677

History Stuarts (7 decks)

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