Religion Flashcards
When was the English Reformation ?
1534
Who is the head of the English Church?
The King
Why was Charles 1 attracted to Arminianism?
It was hierarchical and there was a lot of order
When did William Laud become a priest at Oxford ?
1601
What was William Laud’s first role ?
Chaplain to Richard Neile, Archbishop of York
When did William Laud become Bishop of London?
August 1628
When did Laud become Archbishop of Canterbury?
1633
What was the religion of the majority of the gentry ?
Puritan
What percentage of the British population were Low Church ?
10%
What percentage of British population were Anglican?
89%
What percentage of British population were High Church?
1%
Where does Scottish Church (The Kirk) lie on the scale of Christianity ?
Low Anglican
What religion was Queen Henrietta Maria?
Catholic
Did Arminianism favour bishops or diminish them?
Favour them and wants to give them more power
Were decorated churches high or low Church?
High Church
When did Laud and bishops become involved in politics ?
1640
When and what was the Apologetical Narration ?
January 1644 - puritans asked for the right to establish indecent churches outside the national establishment
When and what was The Root and Branch Petition?
December 1640 - scrapping of government by bishops
What religion was Oliver Cromwell?
Independent - be alone with God
What groups were given more freedom under Cromwell?
Dissenters
When and what was the Worcester House Conference ?
October 1660 - Tries to keep Presbyterianism within the Anglican Church and reinstated bishops
When and what was the Act of Uniformity?
1662 - forced priests to wear surplices
When and what was the Five Mile Act?
1665 - 800 priests were driven away from their parishes after the Great Ejection
What four Acts were included in the Clarendon Code ?
Corporation Act (1661), the Act of Uniformity (1662), the Conventicle Act (1664) and the Five Mile Act (1665)
When and what was the Corporation Act?
1661 - someone cannot enter government unless they had taken Holy Communion a year beforehand
Who was George Fox?
•Founder of Quakers
•Charged with blasphemy in 1650
How many Congregationalist churches were there in 1640?
8
How many Baptist Churches were there in 1620s?
5
What did Presbyterianism emphasise ?
•Education and learning
•Sovereignty of God and holiness of scripture
Who was Robert Brown?
•Founder of Brownism
•Arrested 32 times for persecution
Who was Henry Barrow?
•Founder of Barrowists
•Hanged on 6th April 1593 for circulating seditious books
What religion were leading opponents of Charles 1 such as John Pym and John Hampden ?
Puritans
What happened to dangerous and mainstream puritanical groups during the Interregnum?
Mainstream groups grew and dangerous groups fell in popularity
Who were bigger during 1660 Presbyterians or Separatists ?
Presbyterians
What did Thomas Hall believe in ?
•Abolishment of priests and bishops
•Infant baptism is childish and goes against holy ceremony
•Scripture is false
Who was Oliver Heywood?
A Puritan who wished to become a minister however was put under the Five Mile Act in 1665 after failing to obey the Act of Conformity.
Which two Archbishops constantly attacked Puritans ?
•Archbishop Richard Bancroft tried to end Dissension (1604-1610)
•Archbishop William Laud pushed for a Higher Church Prayer Book (1635-1645)
How many priests were expelled in the Great Ejection ?
1800
How many priests were ejected in the summer of 1662 alone ?
1000
When was the Declaration of Indulgence withdrawn ?
1673
Who was John Shave ?
A priest ordained in 1629 favoured by Cromwell and preached regularly at Hampden Court he became a Royal Chaplain in 1660
What happened when John Shave was banned from preaching ?
8 June 1661 - Sir Edward Nicholas under the Clarendon Code and then only preached in private houses from then on
Who was Gilbert Sheldon?
Chaplain to Charles 1 imprisoned in 1648 and then became Bishop of London in 1660 and Archbishop of Canterbury in 1663
What is an example of when Gilbert Sheldon pushed against dissent ?
1670 - The Second Conventicle Act fining anyone attending a Conventicle (unlawful religious meeting)
What did Charles do instead of calling a Parliament in 1684?
Created a government backed by Tory ministers
What religion were the Tories?
Anglican Royalists strongly against dissent
What are Latitudinarians?
Stayed within the CofE yet were still relatively low Church proving that “Anglican” can be a broad term
What were the Triers and Ejectors?
A group set up by Cromwell in 1654 to eject any ministers with Laudian or Arminian sympathies
Why was persecution of dissenters relieved in 1667?
The failure of The Second Anglo-Dutch War allowed Clarendon to be sacked
What religions were some of Charles 2 advisors ?
Two Roman Catholics, one near atheist, and two with close connections with Puritans
How and when did Danby try and increase persecution of dissenting groups ?
1676 - tried to mount a census against them however he was unable to push it through
Why did the relationship between Whigs and dissenters grow ?
The Popish Plot
Who challenged the Act of Uniformity?
Two judges supported by John Wilkers Bishop of Chester tried to include dissenters in the Church of England
On the local level were dissenters punished?
No many people were sympathetic
When did the Catholic Church arrived in England in the form of St Augustine?
597 AD
When did the Act of Supremacy kick out the Pope?
1534 AD
When did Bloody Mary 1 put more than 300 Protestants on the stake ?
1553 AD
When did the Spanish Armada attack trying to convert England to Catholicism?
1588 AD
When did the Gunpowder Plot occur?
1605 AD
When was the Great Fire of London and what significance does it have relating to religion?
1666 - blamed on Catholic agents ( fire of hell)
When was the Raid on the Medway and what significance does it have to religion?
1667 - done by the Dutch protestants
When and what was the Triple Alliance ?
1668 - A treaty between Dutch, Sweden and England to help prevent French takeover
When and what was the Treaty of Dover?
1670 - Charles II agreed to become Catholic for money
When did King Louis XIV invade the Netherlands?
1667
Who were the two Catholics in CABAL government?
Clifford and Arlington
Who was the dissenter in the CABAL government?
Ashley
When was Viscount Osborne made Earl of Danby ?
1674
How did Danby build up enormous control of Lords and Commons ?
Royal Patronage
Why and when was Danby’s fall ?
1678 - he was linked with Popery
When was Charles’ Declaration of Indulgence? (first one)
1672
What did the second Declaration of Indulgence achieve for dissenters ?
It showed them more sympathy
What did the second Declaration of Indulgence achieve for catholics ?
It allowed them to worship in private
When did James Duke of York being Catholic become public?
1669
When did James marry Catholic Mary of Modena?
1673
Who were two of Charles II’s mistresses ?
Nell Gwynn and Louise de Kerouaille
What did Gwynn claim when she was mistaken for Kerouaille to stop people throwing stuff ?
That she was protestant
When was the Exclusion Bill put forward?
15 May 1979
When and what was the Popish Plot?
1678 - Titus Oates spread a rumour that Catholics planned to kill Charles II
When and what was The Rye House Plot?
1683 - a group of dissenters tried to kill Charles II and James II
When were the French Huguenots expelled ?
1685
How was James related to Quaker William Penn?
They were friends
How was James II related to Louis XIV?
They are brothers in law
When did James II become King?
1686
When did James II ban anti-Catholic preaching ?
1686
What was the Court of Ecclesiastical Commission ?
Very similar to the Preroagtive Court of Charles I that had been declared illegal in 1641
Who did James II put in charge of his government ?
Judge Jeffreys and Robert Spencer
Why did James II expel the fellows of Magellan College ?
They refused to appoint Samuel Parker a bishop who supported the repeal of the Test Act as their college president
What significance did the Godden VS Hales case have to religion?
Catholic Officer Hales confirmed the Kings Right to exempt individuals from religious penal laws opening the doors to Catholic officers
When and why was Bishop Compton of London suspended by the Court of High Commision?
1686 - refused to suspend John Sharp for preaching against Catholics
Who instigated James’ Declaration of Indulgence ?
Quaker William Penn
When was James’ Declaration of Indulgence ?
1687
What did bishops have to do with the Declaration of Indulgence ?
Read it from their pulpit
How many Bishops refused to accept the Declaration of Indulgence? (3 names)
7 - Archbishop of Canterbury, Bishop of Bath, Bishop of Bristol
When was James Edward Stuart born?
10 June 1688
When were the Bishops found not guilty for sedition?
30 June 1688
When was the Test Act passed?
1673
