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Religion Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the English Reformation ?

A

1534

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2
Q

Who is the head of the English Church?

A

The King

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3
Q

Why was Charles 1 attracted to Arminianism?

A

It was hierarchical and there was a lot of order

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4
Q

When did William Laud become a priest at Oxford ?

A

1601

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5
Q

What was William Laud’s first role ?

A

Chaplain to Richard Neile, Archbishop of York

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6
Q

When did William Laud become Bishop of London?

A

August 1628

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7
Q

When did Laud become Archbishop of Canterbury?

A

1633

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8
Q

What was the religion of the majority of the gentry ?

A

Puritan

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9
Q

What percentage of the British population were Low Church ?

A

10%

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10
Q

What percentage of British population were members of the Church of England?

A

89%

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11
Q

What percentage of British population were High Church?

A

1%

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12
Q

Where does Scottish Church (The Kirk) lie on the scale of Christianity ?

A

Low Anglican

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13
Q

What religion was Queen Henrietta Maria?

A

Catholic

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14
Q

Did Arminianism favour bishops or diminish them?

A

Favour them and wants to give them more power

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15
Q

Were decorated churches high or low Church?

A

High Church

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16
Q

When did Laud and bishops become involved in politics ?

A

1640

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17
Q

When and what was the Apologetical Narration ?

A

January 1644 - puritans asked for the right to establish indecent churches outside the national establishment

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18
Q

When and what was The Root and Branch Petition?

A

December 1640 - scrapping of government by bishops

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19
Q

What religion was Oliver Cromwell?

A

Independent - be alone with God

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20
Q

What groups were given more freedom under Cromwell?

A

Dissenters

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21
Q

When and what was the Worcester House Conference ?

A

October 1660 - Tries to keep Presbyterianism within the Anglican Church and reinstated bishops

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22
Q

When and what was the Act of Uniformity?

A

1662 - forced priests to wear surplices

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23
Q

When and what was the Five Mile Act?

A

1665 - 1800 priests were driven away from their parishes after the Great Ejection

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24
Q

What four Acts were included in the Clarendon Code ?

A

Corporation Act (1661), the Act of Uniformity (1662), the Conventicle Act (1664) and the Five Mile Act (1665)

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25
When and what was the Corporation Act?
1661 - someone cannot enter government unless they had taken Holy Communion a year beforehand
26
Who was George Fox?
•Founder of Quakers •Charged with blasphemy in 1650
27
How many Congregationalist churches were there in 1640?
8
28
How many Baptist Churches were there in 1620s?
5
29
What did Presbyterianism emphasise ?
•Education and learning •Sovereignty of God and holiness of scripture
30
Who was Robert Brown?
•Founder of Brownism •Arrested 32 times for persecution
31
Who was Henry Barrow?
•Founder of Barrowists •Hanged on 6th April 1593 for circulating seditious books
32
What religion were leading opponents of Charles 1 such as John Pym and John Hampden ?
Puritans
33
What happened to dangerous and mainstream puritanical groups during the Interregnum?
Mainstream groups grew and dangerous groups fell in popularity
34
Who were bigger during 1660 Presbyterians or Separatists ?
Presbyterians
35
What did Thomas Hall believe in ?
•Abolishment of priests and bishops •Infant baptism is childish and goes against holy ceremony •Scripture is false
36
Who was Oliver Heywood?
A Puritan who wished to become a minister however was put under the Five Mile Act in 1665 after failing to obey the Act of Conformity.
37
Which two Archbishops constantly attacked Puritans ?
•Archbishop Richard Bancroft tried to end Dissension (1604-1610) •Archbishop William Laud pushed for a Higher Church Prayer Book (1635-1645)
38
How many priests were expelled in the Great Ejection ?
1800
39
How many priests were ejected in the summer of 1662 alone ?
1000
40
When was the Declaration of Indulgence withdrawn ?
1673
41
Who was John Shave ?
A priest ordained in 1629 favoured by Cromwell and preached regularly at Hampden Court he became a Royal Chaplain in 1660
42
What happened when John Shave was banned from preaching ?
8 June 1661 - Sir Edward Nicholas under the Clarendon Code and then only preached in private houses from then on
43
Who was Gilbert Sheldon?
Chaplain to Charles 1 imprisoned in 1648 and then became Bishop of London in 1660 and Archbishop of Canterbury in 1663
44
What is an example of when Gilbert Sheldon pushed against dissent ?
1670 - The Second Conventicle Act fining anyone attending a Conventicle (unlawful religious meeting)
45
What did Charles do instead of calling a Parliament in 1684?
Created a government backed by Tory ministers
46
What religion were the Tories?
Anglican Royalists strongly against dissent
47
What are Latitudinarians?
Stayed within the CofE yet were still relatively low Church proving that “Anglican” can be a broad term
48
What were the Triers and Ejectors?
A group set up by Cromwell in 1654 to eject any ministers with Laudian or Arminian sympathies
49
Why was persecution of dissenters relieved in 1667?
The failure of The Second Anglo-Dutch War allowed Clarendon to be sacked
50
What religions were some of Charles 2 advisors ?
Two Roman Catholics, one near atheist, and two with close connections with Puritans
51
How and when did Danby try and increase persecution of dissenting groups ?
1676 - tried to mount a census against them however he was unable to push it through
52
Why did the relationship between Whigs and dissenters grow ?
The Popish Plot
53
Who challenged the Act of Uniformity?
Two judges supported by John Wilkers Bishop of Chester tried to include dissenters in the Church of England
54
On the local level were dissenters punished?
No many people were sympathetic
55
When did the Catholic Church arrived in England in the form of St Augustine?
597 AD
56
When did the Act of Supremacy kick out the Pope?
1534 AD
57
When did Bloody Mary 1 put more than 300 Protestants on the stake ?
1553 AD
58
When did the Spanish Armada attack trying to convert England to Catholicism?
1588 AD
59
When did the Gunpowder Plot occur?
1605 AD
60
When was the Great Fire of London and what significance does it have relating to religion?
1666 - blamed on Catholic agents ( fire of hell)
61
When was the Raid on the Medway and what significance does it have to religion?
1667 - done by the Dutch protestants
62
When and what was the Triple Alliance ?
1668 - A treaty between Dutch, Sweden and England to help prevent French takeover
63
When and what was the Treaty of Dover?
1670 - Charles II agreed to become Catholic for money
64
When did King Louis XIV invade the Netherlands?
1667
65
Who were the two Catholics in CABAL government?
Clifford and Arlington
66
Who was the dissenter in the CABAL government?
Ashley
67
When was Viscount Osborne made Earl of Danby ?
1674
68
How did Danby build up enormous control of Lords and Commons ?
Royal Patronage
69
Why and when was Danby’s fall ?
1678 - he was linked with Popery
70
When was Charles’ Declaration of Indulgence? (first one)
1672
71
What did the second Declaration of Indulgence achieve for dissenters ?
It showed them more sympathy
72
What did the second Declaration of Indulgence achieve for catholics ?
It allowed them to worship in private
73
When did James Duke of York being Catholic become public?
1669
74
When did James marry Catholic Mary of Modena?
1673
75
Who were two of Charles II’s mistresses ?
Nell Gwynn and Louise de Kerouaille
76
What did Gwynn claim when she was mistaken for Kerouaille to stop people throwing stuff ?
That she was protestant
77
When was the Exclusion Bill put forward?
15 May 1679
78
When and what was the Popish Plot?
1678 - Titus Oates spread a rumour that Catholics planned to kill Charles II
79
When and what was The Rye House Plot?
1683 - a group of dissenters tried to kill Charles II and James II
80
When were the French Huguenots expelled ?
1685
81
How was James related to Quaker William Penn?
They were friends
82
How was James II related to Louis XIV?
They are brothers in law
83
When did James II become King?
1686
84
When did James II ban anti-Catholic preaching ?
1686
85
What was the Court of Ecclesiastical Commission ?
Very similar to the Preroagtive Court of Charles I that had been declared illegal in 1641
86
Who did James II put in charge of his government ?
Judge Jeffreys and Robert Spencer
87
Why did James II expel the fellows of Magellan College ?
They refused to appoint Samuel Parker a bishop who supported the repeal of the Test Act as their college president
88
What significance did the Godden VS Hales case have to religion?
Catholic Officer Hales confirmed the Kings Right to exempt individuals from religious penal laws opening the doors to Catholic officers
89
When and why was Bishop Compton of London suspended by the Court of High Commision?
1686 - refused to suspend John Sharp for preaching against Catholics
90
Who instigated James’ Declaration of Indulgence ?
Quaker William Penn
91
When was James’ Declaration of Indulgence ?
1687
92
What did bishops have to do with the Declaration of Indulgence ?
Read it from their pulpit
93
How many Bishops refused to accept the Declaration of Indulgence? (3 names)
7 - Archbishop of Canterbury, Bishop of Bath, Bishop of Bristol
94
When was James Edward Stuart born?
10 June 1688
95
When were the Bishops found not guilty for sedition?
30 June 1688
96
When was the Test Act passed?
1673

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