Politics - Interregnum Flashcards
What percentage of the House of Lords were Royalist?
66%
What were the three Parliamentary groups ?
Peace group, War group, Middle Group
When did Charles 1 end hostility in Ireland ?
Autumn 1643
Who won the Battle of Marston Moor ?
Cromwell (Parliamentary) did against Prince Rupert (Royalist)
When and where was the Battle of Marston Moor ?
York - July 1644
What was self denying ordinance ?
Where parliament gave up there control of the army to Fairfax to stop quarrels over power
When was self denying ordinance introduced ?
1645
Who won and when was the Battle of Naseby ?
June 1645 - The NMA won
When was the “Case of the Army Truly Stated “ manifesto drawn up and by who ?
Agitators - October 1647
When and where was Charles 1 first captured ?
May 1646 - Midlands
When and where was Charles 1 captured second ?
13th November 1647 - Isle of Wight
When did Charles 1 sign a treaty with the Scots for military assistance?
26th December 1647
When did the Scot’s invade England?
April 1648
When were the Scots defeated by Cromwell and the NMA?
August 1648
How many MPs were left after Ireton arrested and excluded some ?
240 MPs
What day was Charles 1 beheaded ?
30th January 1649
How many pamphlets with different political ideas were being printed in 1644?
1000
When did the calvary elect representatives (agitators)?
April/May 1647
What did the Act of Oblivion demand ?
Liberty on acts of religion
Who led the Levellers ?
John Lilburne, Overton + Wildman
How many MPs were excluded and arrested by Ireton ?
180 MPs excluded and 45 MPs arrested
What did the Putney debates put forward ? (3 Bullet Points)
•removal of the King from Parliament
•removal of HoL
•elections every two years
What battle and when was it were the Scots defeated by Cromwell?
July 1648 - Battle of Preston
What was Prides Purge?
Colonel Thomas Pride kicked out any MP that did not support the army
When was Prides Purge ?
6th December 1648
How many MPs were left after Prides Purge and what was Parliament now called?
150 - Rump Parliament
When was monarchy and Lords abolished ?
March 1649
When was England declared a Commonwealth and a unicameral system?
April 1649
When was the Leveller meeting at Burford stopped ?
April 1649
What did the Lords elect in fear that the Rump would elect its self as sole legislative authority?
Council of State
How many acts were passed in 1649 and 1652?
125 Acts in 1649 and 51 Acts in 1652
What was the revenue shortfall of Rump Parliament in 1653?
£700,000
What was the Monthly Assessment ?
A tax to pay for war and war ships
How much did the Monthly Assessment raise and to what proportion of Charles 1 revenue?
£90,000 more than Charles 1 annual revenue
When did Cromwell go to Ireland to suppress Royalists ?
August 1649
What battles did Cromwell win against the Irish ?
Drogheda and Wexford
When did the Battle of Worcester happen and who lost ?
September 1651 - Charles 2 lost
Who helped Charles 2 when he was a fugitive ?
Catholic households
Who kicked out the Rump Parliament?
Cromwell
Who came up with the idea of the Nominated Assembly ?
Colonel Harrison
What were the two nicknames of the Nominated Assembly?
Parliament of Saints and Sinners and Barebones Parliament
Why and when was the Barebones Parliament dissolved ?
December 1653 because the Moderates gave up on it
What did the Barebones Parliament achieve ?
Moderate reform but Cromwell wanted more radical change
When was the First Protectorate Parliament ?
1654
How often were the elections held for the Protectorate Parliament?
Every 3 years
What were the criteria for voting in the elections for the Protectorate Parliament ?
£200 of personal property
How many ordinances were made by the First Protectorate Parliament?
84
When was the First Protectorate Parliament dissolved?
January 1655
When was there a Royalist Uprising and who was it led by ?
John Penruddant - Spring 1655
What was the major general rule system?
The country was divided into districts and a major general took control of each district
What did Major General Wasley and Whally do?
Wasley - closed down 200 ale houses
Whalley - suppressed traditional entertainment
When was the Second Protectorate Parliament summoned ?
September 1656
When and how was the Major General system dissolved ?
1657 after the Second Protectorate Parliament voted down a Militia Bill
What and why did he do it when Cromwell was offered kingship?
He declined knowing the army would revolt against him
What and when was the James Naylor case ?
1656 - A quaker rode into Bristol on a donkey pretending to be Jesus so Parliament punished him severely
When and how did Cromwell die ?
1658 - malaria
What was the name of Cromwell son ?
Richard
What was the nickname given to Richard Cromwell?
Queen Dick
When did Richard summon the Third Protectorate Parliament?
January 1659
How long did Richard rule for before the Army Council of officers forced him to resign ?
9 months
When did George Monck march into London?
January 1660
What did George Monck do once he got to London?
Dissolved the Third Protectorate Parliament and resummoned the Long Parliament so it could dissolve itself and restart elections
What was the name of the new Parliament George Monck created and when was it created ?
Convention Parliament - April 1660
What did the Declaration of Breda include ?
Charles 2 claimed the throne
What did the Declaration of Breda not include ?
Any mistakes made by Charles 1
What did Monck and Hyde bring with them to bring back Charles 2?
£50,000 and a ship called the Royal Charles
What town did Charles 2 arrive at in England ?
Dover
When did the Interregnum end ?
25th May 1660
