Politics - Charles 1 Flashcards
What was the initial role of the Duke of Buckingham?
Cup-Bearer for James 1
Where did James 1 meet the Duke of Buckingham ?
At a masque dance
When did the Duke of Buckingham gain his title ?
1620
What are two qualities of young Charles 1?
Weak and artsy
What is the story of The Infanta ?
Charles and The Duke of Buckingham set off to Spain in 1623 to find Charles a spanish wife ( The Infanta ) to solve the 30 Years War
How did Charles 1 meet his wife ?
The Duke of Buckingham went to Paris and recruited a 15yr old Henrietta Maria
What month year did James 1 die and Charles 1 become King ?
March 1625
What year was it when Charles 1 became King ?
1625
What did the Duke of Buckingham do in 1624 ?
1624 - Attacked La Rochelle in support of French Huguenots
What was tonnage and poundage ?
A tax imposed on every tun of imported wine and on every pound of exported merchandise
What was different about how long could Charles 1 claim tonnage and poundage ?
He could only claim it for the first year when every other King could claim it for life
What was the Attack on Cadiz ?
An attack on Spain by the Duke of Buckingham in October 1625 costing the Exchequer £250,000
Why was Parliament dissolved in 1626?
Buckingham was spending too much so they tried to impeach him so Charles dissolved it
What were forced loans ?
Charles 1 wanted a forced loan from all tax payers through royal prerogative and refusal was punishable by imprisonment or conscription
What was the 5 Knights Case ?
In March 1627 five knights were arrested for refusal to pay forced loans so in November 1627 they appealed using common law and were later freed under the Petition of Right
What is Common Law with an example of a court?
Ordinary people have basic rights that cannot be taken away
Court - The Court of the Kings Bench
What is Prerogative Law with an example of a court?
The King is able to do what he likes because he is the King
Court - Court of the Star Chamber
What is billeting ?
Soldiers are allowed to ransack your houses and take free lodging
When did William Laud become Bishop of London ?
1628
When did William Laud become Archbishop of Canterbury ?
1632
What religion was William Laud?
Arminian
What were the three resolutions?
Denzel Holles and Sir John Eliot passed them against arminianism and made MPs look bad in the eyes of the public
When was the Treaty of Susa with France signed ?
April 1629
When was the Treaty of Madrid signed with Spain?
November 1630
After the Treaties of Madrid and Susa what was the reduction in war spending ?
£500,000 (1625-29) to £70,000 (1630s)
When did monopoly licenses begin being sold ?
1634
What were monopoly licenses ?
Charles 1 sold them to companies to make them the sole seller of a product such as soap however they were unpopular as many of the firms were Catholic
What was the Distraint of Knighthood?
Knights were fined for not turning up to the Kings coronation so by 1625 9,000 were fined £40 a year (not a lot )
What were Wards of Court?
Rich orphans that were being looked after had their inheritance stolen from them by Charles
What was Ship Money ?
A tax that was previously paid by coastal towns but now by the whole country to prevent pirates and raiders
What was different about how often ship money was being collected under Charles 1?
Normally once or twice per reign but Charles was collecting it annually
How much did Ship Money bring in annually?
£200,000
What did the Pope do in 1635?
The Pope sent a Catholic ambassador in 1635 putting the Catholic Church “back in play “
What was the Providence Island Shipping Company ?
A group of Puritanical gentry that refused to pay ship money
Who refused to pay Ship Money in 1637 and 1638? (3 people)
The Providence Island Shipping Company, Earl of Warwick John Pym, Duke of Bedford John Hampden
Who and how did Laud punish those who did a comedy sketch of the Church? (3 people)
Henry Burton, John Bastwick, William Prynne had their ears cut off and were branded on the cheek and imprisoned
What was the yield of Ship Money by 1639?
20% of the expected yield
When was the only time Charles 1 visited Scotland ?
1633
When did Laud introduce the Book of Canons into Scotland ?
1637
What was the primary religion of Scotland ?
Presbyterian
When was the first Bishops war and who won ?
1639 the Scottish won
How large were the armies of the Scottish and English in the First Bishops War and a quality of each ?
12,000 Scottish mercenaries and 20,000 English exiles
When was the Short Parliament called ?
April 1640
Why was the Short Parliament called ?
Charles needed an army and money
Why was the Short Parliament dissolved ?
There were many petitions against aspects of Charles 1 personal rule
When did the Scottish attack Newcastle ?
20 August 1640
What was Newcastle famous for ?
Coal used in naval weapons and fuel
When was the Battle of Newburn and who won ?
28 August 1640 the Scot’s won
What was the response to the Battle of Newburn?
Viscount Conway fled to Durham and Charles 1 called upon the Great Council of Peers
When was the Great Council of Peers called ?
24 September 1640
What was the treaty Charles formed with Scotland ?
Treaty of Ripon - £850 a day to the Scots while they occupied Newcastle
When was the Treaty with the Scots signed under the encouragement of the Great Council of Peers at York?
14 October 1640
When was the Long Parliament called and how long did it last ?
November 1640 and it lasted 20 years
What was Pyms Junta ?(3 Bullet Points)
•Stopped the King raising money without Parliamentary approval
•Attacked Laud and Wentworth
•Passed the Triennial Act
What was the Triennial Act and when was it passed ?
February 1641 and the King had to call a new Parliament every 3 years
When was Wentworth beheaded ?
May 1641
Why could Charles 1 not dissolve the Long Parliament ?
Pym passed an Act preventing the dissolution of Parliament without its own consent
What did Pyms 10 Propositions seek to achieve ?
Make parliament more powerful
Who began to lead Constitutional Royalists ?
Edward Hyde
When was the Irish Rebellion ?
1641
When was the Grand Remonstrance to the King sent and what did it ask?
22 November 1641 and it asked for Parliament to be able to appoint the army leader
When did Charles 1 ask the House of Lords to impeach the opposition leaders ?
3 January 1642
When did Charles arrest leading opposition members ?
4 January 1642
How many soldiers did Charles 1 bring with him to arrest leading members of the opposition?
300 Soldiers
How leading members of the opposition did Charles try to arrest ? ( and 2 of their names )
5 including Pym and Hampden
What were the 19 Propositions and when were they ordered ?
June 1642 - Propositions to the King including control of the Kings children’s education
When did the King flee London and go to Hampden Court ?
10 January 1642
When was the first English Civil War ?
1642-1646
What was the army system Parliament used ?
The New Model Army
When was Charles 1 executed ?
1649
What did the Duke of Buckingham do in 1625?
1625 - Mansfield Expedition, Wimbledon Expedition on Cadiz, attacked Spanish treasure ships
