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History Stuarts > Politics - Charles 1 > Flashcards

Politics - Charles 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the initial role of the Duke of Buckingham?

A

Cup-Bearer for James 1

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2
Q

Where did James 1 meet the Duke of Buckingham ?

A

At a masque dance

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3
Q

When did the Duke of Buckingham gain his title ?

A

1620

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4
Q

What are two qualities of young Charles 1?

A

Weak and artsy

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5
Q

What is the story of The Infanta ?

A

Charles and The Duke of Buckingham set off to Spain in 1623 to find Charles a spanish wife ( The Infanta ) to solve the 30 Years War

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6
Q

How did Charles 1 meet his wife ?

A

The Duke of Buckingham went to Paris and recruited a 15yr old Henrietta Maria

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7
Q

What month year did James 1 die and Charles 1 become King ?

A

March 1625

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8
Q

What year was it when Charles 1 became King ?

A

1625

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9
Q

What did the Duke of Buckingham do in 1624 ?

A

1624 - Attacked La Rochelle in support of French Huguenots

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10
Q

What was tonnage and poundage ?

A

A tax imposed on every tun of imported wine and on every pound of exported merchandise

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11
Q

What was different about how long could Charles 1 claim tonnage and poundage ?

A

He could only claim it for the first year when every other King could claim it for life

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12
Q

What was the Attack on Cadiz ?

A

An attack on Spain by the Duke of Buckingham in October 1625 costing the Exchequer £250,000

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13
Q

Why was Parliament dissolved in 1626?

A

Buckingham was spending too much so they tried to impeach him so Charles dissolved it

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14
Q

What were forced loans ?

A

Charles 1 wanted a forced loan from all tax payers through royal prerogative and refusal was punishable by imprisonment or conscription

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15
Q

What was the 5 Knights Case ?

A

In March 1627 five knights were arrested for refusal to pay forced loans so in November 1627 they appealed using common law and were later freed under the Petition of Right

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16
Q

What is Common Law with an example of a court?

A

Ordinary people have basic rights that cannot be taken away
Court - The Court of the Kings Bench

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17
Q

What is Prerogative Law with an example of a court?

A

The King is able to do what he likes because he is the King
Court - Court of the Star Chamber

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18
Q

What is billeting ?

A

Soldiers are allowed to ransack your houses and take free lodging

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19
Q

When did William of Laud become Bishop of London ?

A

1628

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20
Q

When did William Laud become Archbishop of Canterbury ?

A

1632

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21
Q

What religion was William Laud?

A

Arminian

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22
Q

What were the three resolutions?

A

Denzel Holles and Sir John Eliot passed them against arminianism and made MPs look bad in the eyes of the public

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23
Q

When was the Treaty of Susa with France signed ?

A

April 1629

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24
Q

When was the Treaty of Madrid signed with Spain?

A

November 1630

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25
Q

After the Treaties of Madrid and Susa what was the reduction in war spending ?

A

£500,000 (1625-29) to £70,000 (1630s)

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26
Q

When did monopoly licenses begin being sold ?

A

1634

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27
Q

What were monopoly licenses ?

A

Charles 1 sold them to companies to make them the sole seller of a product such as soap however they were unpopular as many of the firms were Catholic

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28
Q

What was the Distraint of Knighthood?

A

Knights were fined for not turning up to the Kings coronation so by 1625 9,000 were fined £40 a year (not a lot )

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29
Q

What were Wards of Court?

A

Rich orphans that were being looked after had their inheritance stolen from them by Charles

30
Q

What was Ship Money ?

A

A tax that was previously paid by coastal towns but now by the whole country to prevent pirates and raiders

31
Q

What was different about how often ship money was being collected under Charles 1?

A

Normally once or twice per reign but Charles was collecting it annually

32
Q

How much did Ship Money bring in annually?

A

£200,000

33
Q

What did the Pope do in 1635?

A

The Pope sent a Catholic ambassador in 1635 putting the Catholic Church “back in play “

34
Q

What was the Providence Island Shipping Company ?

A

A group of Puritanical gentry that refused to pay ship money

35
Q

Who refused to pay Ship Money in 1637 and 1638? (3 people)

A

The Providence Island Shipping Company, Earl of Warwick John Pym, Duke of Bedford John Hampden

36
Q

Who and how did Laud punish those who did a comedy sketch of the Church? (3 people)

A

Henry Burton, John Bastwick, William Prynne had their ears cut off and were branded on the cheek and imprisoned

37
Q

What the yield of Ship Money by 1639?

A

20% of the expected yield

38
Q

When was the only time Charles 1 visited Scotland ?

A

1633

39
Q

When did Laud introduce the Book of Canons into Scotland ?

A

1637

40
Q

What was the primary religion of Scotland ?

A

Presbyterian

41
Q

When was the first Bishops war and who won ?

A

1639 the Scottish won

42
Q

How large were the armies of the Scottish and English in the First Bishops War and a quality of each ?

A

12,000 Scottish mercenaries and 20,000 English exiles

43
Q

When was the Short Parliament called ?

A

April 1640

44
Q

Why was the Short Parliament called ?

A

Charles needed an army and money

45
Q

Why was the Short Parliament dissolved ?

A

There were many petitions against aspects of Charles 1 personal rule

46
Q

When did the Scottish attack Newcastle ?

A

20 August 1640

47
Q

What was Newcastle famous for ?

A

Coal used in naval weapons and fuel

48
Q

When was the Battle of Newburn and who won ?

A

28 August 1640 the Scot’s won

49
Q

What was the response to the Battle of Newburn?

A

Viscount Conway fled to Durham and Charles 1 called upon the Great Council of Peers

50
Q

When was the Great Council of Peers called ?

A

24 September 1640

51
Q

What was the treaty Charles formed with Scotland ?

A

Treaty of Rupon -£ 850 a day to the Scots while they occupied Newcastle

52
Q

When was the Treaty with the Scots signed under the encouragement of the Great Council of Peers at York?

A

14 October 1640

53
Q

When was the Long Parliament called and how long did it last ?

A

November 1640 and it lasted 20 years

54
Q

What was Pyms Junta ?(3 Bullet Points)

A

•Stopped the King raising money without Parliamentary approval
•Attacked Laud and Wentworth
•Passed the Triennial Act

55
Q

What was the Triennial Act and when was it passed ?

A

February 1641 and the King had to call a new Parliament every 3 years

56
Q

When was Wentworth beheaded ?

A

May 1641

57
Q

Why could Charles 1 not dissolve the Long Parliament ?

A

Pym passed an Act preventing the dissolution of Parliament without its own consent

58
Q

What did Pyms 10 Propositions seek to achieve ?

A

Make parliament more powerful

59
Q

Who began to lead Constitutional Royalists ?

A

Edward Hyde

60
Q

When was the Irish Rebellion ?

A

1641

61
Q

When was the Grand Remonstrance to the King sent and what did it ask?

A

22 November 1641 and it asked for Parliament to be able to appoint the army leader

62
Q

When did Charles 1 ask the House of Lords to impeach the opposition leaders ?

A

3 January 1642

63
Q

When did Charles arrest leading opposition members ?

A

4 January 1642

64
Q

How many soldiers did Charles 1 bring with him to arrest leading members of the opposition?

A

300 Soldiers

65
Q

How leading members of the opposition did Charles try to arrest ? ( and 2 of their names )

A

5 including Pym and Hampden

66
Q

What were the 19 Propositions and when were they ordered ?

A

June 1642 - Propositions to the King including control of the Kings children’s education

67
Q

When did the King flee London and go to Hampden Court ?

A

10 January 1642

68
Q

When was the first English Civil War ?

A

1642-1646

69
Q

What was the army system Parliament used ?

A

The New Model Army

70
Q

When was Charles 1 executed ?

A

1649

71
Q

What did the Duke of Buckingham do in 1625?

A

1625 - Mansfield Expedition, Wimbledon Expedition on Cadiz, attacked Spanish treasure ships

History Stuarts (6 decks)

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