Glorious Revolution Flashcards
1
Q
Why did James II have a panic attack?
A
His daughter Anne fled to join William’s army
2
Q
Where did Williams army arrive in England?
A
Devon
3
Q
What did James II do after William invaded?
A
He fled to France
4
Q
When did William invade England?
A
November 1688
5
Q
When did William II become King?
A
February 1689
6
Q
When did Netherlands declare war on France?
A
February 1689
7
Q
When did England declare war on France?
A
May 1689
8
Q
What other European states opposed France in 1689?
A
Germany, Austria and Spain
9
Q
What was the League of Augsburg?
A
The Grand Alliance against France
10
Q
When was the League of Augsburg formed?
A
December 1689
11
Q
Who joined the League of Augsburg?
A
England, Netherlands, Austria
12
Q
Did the Glorious Revolution hold significance to William III?
A
Not particularly and was just part of his larger struggle against Louis XIV
13
Q
When did James II arrive in Ireland?
A
12th March 1689
14
Q
What was the dominant religious group in Ireland in 1689?
A
Catholic
15
Q
What was the make-up of the Irish Patriot Parliament in May 1689?
A
218 Catholics and 6 Protestants
16
Q
What did James II bring with him to Ireland?
A
3000 French troops
17
Q
How did William III respond to the counter revolution in Ireland?
A
He sent Colonel Kirke and General Shomberg over to deal with it
18
Q
What did Colonel Kirke achieve?
A
He won a skirmish in Newton-Butler and secured Derry
19
Q
What did General Schomberg achieve?
A
Took 10,000 men to Ireland and lost half of them to disease
20
Q
When did William land in Ireland?
A
14th June 1890
21
Q
What did William arrive in Ireland with?
A
300 ships and an international army of 36,000 men
22
Q
When were the Irish Jacobites defeated?
A
1st July 1690 at the Battle of the Boyne
23
Q
When was the Irish rebellion ended?
A
October 1691
24
Q
What was the treaty that ended rebellions in Ireland?
A
Treaty of Limerick
25
What was the battle at Beachy Head?
The Dutch-English fleet defeated by the French fleet of 75
26
When was the battle at Beachy Head?
June 1690
27
What was the result of the battle at Beachy Head?
A reorganisation of the army with a new shipyard at Plymouth and a dry dock at Portsmouth
28
When was the Battle of Bay of La Hogue?
May 1692
29
What was the Battle of Bay of La Hogue?
Admiral Russel defeated a French fleet
30
What land wars did William lose?
Steenkirk (August 1692) and Neerwinden (July 1693)
31
When did Louis finally recognise William as the King?
In September 1697 at Peace of Ryswick
32
Did the Peace of Ryswick cause anything?
It diminished support for William as there was no reason to build an army for him anymore
France continued to attack Holland regardless
33
Where was James II captured when he tried to escape?
Kent and the Isle of Sheppey
34
What was the make-up the new Convention Parliament?
165 Whigs, 140 Tories and 200 unaligned MPs
35
When did the new Convention Parliament meet?
Jan 1689
36
What was the struggle of the Convention Parliament?
To admit James II had vacated his throne
37
How did the Convention Parliament get around their struggle?
They argued that since James fled then he forfeited the throne
38
When did the Tories finally admit James II wasn't King anymore?
28th January 1689
39
When did William get offered a joint monarchy with Mary?
2nd February 1689
40
When did William threaten to go home and leave England without a King?
3rd February 1689
41
When did the Lords finally agree to James deposing himself?
6th February 1689
42
When did Mary arrive in England?
12th February 1689
43
When did William and Mary declare their joint monarchy?
13th February 1689
44
When was the Declaration of Rights produced?
12th February 1689
45
Was the Declaration of Rights forced upon the King?
No, as he was already coronated when he signed it off
46
When did Queen Mary die?
1694
47
When did King William III die?
1702
48
Did William III have an children?
No
49
Who was heir to the throne in 1701?
James Edward Stuart
50
When was the Act of Settlement?
1701
51
What did the Act of Settlement achieve?
It meant that 50 Catholic contenders for the crown were leapfrogged
52
What is the key principle of Whig History?
The King is a harsh controlling dictator that takes power away from Parliament
53
Who were the leaders of Whig history?
Thomas Babington Macaulay and Charles Trevelyan
54
What percentage of the population were Church of England?
89% but dropping
55
What percentage of the population were Catholic?
1% even after a resurgence
56
What percentage of the population were dissenters?
10% however they were increasing in number
57
What group argued the CofE should include dissent?
Latitudinarians
58
Why were dissenters so powerful?
They were very wealthy and could push their religion more
59
What religion was William III?
Calvinist but claims to be CofE
60
What is the Convocation?
The parliament for the Church of England
61
When did William adjourn the Convocation?
14 December 1989
62
What is Comprehension?
Inclusion of all opinions including dissent
63
What is Toleration?
Allowing dissenters to worship outside the Church but not include them
64
What was the William Sacheverell clause?
Anyone who was part of the Corporation Act couldn't hold a position of government for the next 7 years
65
What group made up the English middle-class establishment in 1688?
High Church Tories
66
Who is John Tilotson?
Archbishop of Canterbury in 1691 and very close to dissent
67
Was William III a Latitudinarian?
Yes, he wanted one big Protestant alliance against Louis XIV
68
What did William do on 16th March 1689?
Made a speech referring to "all protestants that were willing and able to serve"
69
When was the Comprehension Bill suggested and what was the result?
March 1689 and it was rejected
70
What was passed instead of the Comprehension Bill?
Toleration Act 1689
70
What freedoms were dissenters given under the Toleration Act?
They could worship in a licensed meeting place and with the doors open
70
What did the Toleration Act state?
Declaration against Catholics and gave dissenters more freedoms
71
After a year of the Toleration Act how many meeting houses were licensed?
900
71
Was the Toleration Act a revolution?
The Test Act still didn't allow dissenters to hold office and it mostly just angered Tories
71
What three groups were excluded from the Toleration Act?
Catholics, Jews and Non-Trinitarians
72
Why did the Toleration Act scare High Church Tories?
They were worried their groups were losing socio-economic power
73
What was this period dubbed?
A living nightmare for CofE
74
What did the Licensing Act achieve?
Allowed dissenters to publish pamphlets and removed censorship
75
When was the Licensing Act?
1695
76
What position was the Catholic Church in after William became King?
They were left in a very weak position and William was not scared of them
77
What was the problem with funding the war?
Louis XIV had an unlimited supply of money
78
Why were merchants unwilling to lend to the King?
The Spanish monarchy had recently gone bankrupt
79
Which Tory MP argues they should be cautious of giving William money?
Sir Thomas Clarges
80
When did Parliament allow the Crown to claim ordinary revenue from and to initially?
11th March 1689 to 24th June 1689
81
When did William get excise and customs duties for life?
March 1690
82
What was the Crowns expenditure calculated at on 20th March 1690?
£1.2 million
83
Between March 1690 and January 1691 how much in grants did Parliament approve?
£4.6 million
84
What did Bishop Burmet say about war funding?
They had to maximise it as the French were now England's threat not just William's
85
What did Parliament form to manage William's money?
The Commission of Public Accounts in 1690
86
Was William fond of the Commission of Public Accounts?
Yes, as it improved his efficiency of spending
87
Why did the Commission of Public Accounts benefit Parliament?
It improved their power of scrutiny
88
When was the first Public Commission Report and what did it show?
September 1691 and showed flaw in public spending
89
When did Parliament approve £4 million of war spending?
November 1692
90
How did Parliament raise the £4 million?
A land tax of 4 shillings to the pound
91
What did Lord Rochester argue for?
A blue water policy
92
Why was it difficult for William to pick what political party to align with?
The Tories loved him because he was the King and the Whigs loved him because he was Low Church
93
Which four Whig earls did William promote to Dukes?
Shrewsbury, Devonshire, Bedford and Newcastle
94
What was the Millions Loans Act?
Turned what the King owed to the population into "national debt"
95
When was the Million Loans Act passed?
January 1693
96
When was the Tonnage Act passed?
1694
97
What did the Tonnage Act achieve?
Created the Bank of
England and provided loans of £1.2 million
98
When was the Tontine Loan?
1693
99
What was the Tontine Loan?
Raised investments with interest paid with excise duties
100
Who put forward the idea of a Bank of England?
Charles Montague, Whig Chancellor
101
Why was the creation of the Bank of England important for Parliament?
It got rid of the ability for the King to have a personal rule and could now borrow large amounts
102
What was the new national lottery system?
100,000 tickets costing £10 each with a £40,000 prize
103
When was the new lottery system created?
March 1694
104
What was the Recoinage Act?
Made old silver into new ones
105
When was the Recoinage Act?
1696
106
When did parliament begin to sell investments in the EIC?
1698
107
How much did the investments in the EIC raise?
£2 million
108
What was the rage of parties?
Time of lots of elections and number of parties
109
When was the rage of parties?
Early 1700s but the build up can be seen in the 1690s
110
Who were the Classic Tories?
They believe that William can do no wrong and have full faith in him
111
Who were the Jacobite Tories?
Tories who still want James to King and do not believe William holds any power
112
Who were the Classic Whigs?
Whigs who do not trust the King and just want Parliament to be as strong as possible
113
Who were the Junto Whigs?
Whigs who side with William due to him trying to stop Louis XIV
114
Which groups made up the Country Party?
Classic Whigs and Jacobite Tories
115
What was the belief of the Country Party?
Anti-William
116
What was the belief of the Court Party?
Pro-William
117
Which groups made up the Court Party?
Classic Tories and Junto Whigs
118
How many elections were there between 1689 and 1715?
11
119
What was the electorate in 1689 and 1722?
200,000 in 1689
330,000 in 1672
120
What percentage of the population formed the electorate?
4.3%
121
When was the Licensing Act?
1692
122
What was the Licensing Act?
It ended censorship and allowed for an increase in political views
123
What was the Judges Bill?
The Country Party wanted judges to be independent and not influenced by the King
124
When was the Judges Bill being debated?
October 1691 and February 1692
125
Why was the Judges Bill not passed?
William used his personal veto against him
126
When did William make Daniel Finch Earl of Nottingham?
1693
127
What group was not fond of Nottingham?
The Country Party
128
What group did Nottingham belong to?
Classic Tory
129
When did the First Triennial Bill fail?
March 1693
130
Why would the Triennial Bill not have mattered?
There was already one in 1641 which failed to hold
131
What group did Lord Sunderland belong to?
Junto Whigs
132
What did Lord Sunderland do?
Led a Country Party attack on Classic Tories
133
What did Lord Sunderland's attack achieve?
It forced Lord Nottingham to resign in 1693
William was forced to turn to the Junto Whigs
134
What group did William prefer working with?
The Tories
135
How did William work with the Junto Whigs?
They held him find businessman and use patronage to gain support and money
136
Who were a few notable members of the Junto Whigs?
Lord Sunderland, Lord Russel, Lord Sommers and Charles Montague
137
What position did Charles Montague hold?
Chancellor of the Exchequer
138
Who acted as Prime Minister in William III's rule?
The King
139
When was the second Triennial Bill passed?
1694
140
Was the second Triennial Bill successful?
Yes, and it was turned into the Triennial Act
141
What was Kings army limited to in 1694?
7000 men and English soldiers could only fight in English wars
142
When did William bring back Nottingham and the Tories?
1701
