Society - 1471-99 Flashcards
which sector of society was most affected by WotR
nobility
how many peers died in battle 1455-87?
38 peers
how many peers attainted for treason 1455-84?
397, although 256 had attainders reversed
what did battles and deaths lead to for nobility?
- vendettas between noble families
- lack of trust and factions in political system
what were nobles less likely to do?
- exercise control and authority over localities
- shows less power and control
where the nobility crushed?
no
how did the % failures in male line peers compare to Middle Ages?
% of failures in male line of peers for last 2 quarters of century were below average for Middle Ages
between 1459-61, how much of parliamentary peerage was wiped out?
1/4
what was the consequence of the gravity of 1459-61 for the nobility?
- nobles less likely to pick sides and preferred to remain neutral
- less likely to get involved in WotR
what was the affect like on peasants and townspeople?
did not have a major impact
when were peasants and townspeople affected?
if an army came through where they lived
what would happen to people if an army came through where they lived?
- men would be pressed into service
- land and food supplies would be raided if in line of a march
what ensured the impact of rural poor was minimal?
fragmented nature of fighting
how many weeks of campaigning in whole WotR?
60 weeks of campaigning
in how many years were there major campaigns, between 1455-85?
only in 10/30yrs
how did number of soldiers in field change?
between 1461 and 1485, number of soldiers in field dwindled - less common people involved
what was the impact of WotR on trade and economy?
some impact, but not massive
how did tax change in times of fighting?
- amount of tax paid increased in order to fund armies
- towns may have been particularly worse hit by taxation
what did treaty of Utrecht do for trade?
reinstated trade with Hanseatic league
how did merchant class change?
grew as specific trade companies and guilds established for each commodity
what was impact of WotR on gentry like?
certainly affected, but only limited
how did participant in WotR compare between gentry and nobles?
- participation of gentry paralleled that of nobility
- they could escape fighting more easily than nobles
how did relations between nobility and gentry change? what did this mean?
- relations between gentry and nobles deteriorated
- gentry got chance to work directly for the king
what did increasing work with king mean for gentry?
- more likely to suffer from failure of monarchy
- gentry could not do their job of supplying bedrock of private noble power in the shires
