Social Thinking & Interaction Pt. 2

Question 1

What is a self-fullfiling prophecy?

Answer 1

Occurs when a belief about oneself causes behavior that makes the belief come true.
The belief itself initiates a chain of events that prove the belief true.

Question 2

Stereotype

Answer 2

Generalized beliefs about members of a group, can be good or bad beliefs.

Question 3

How are stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination different?

Answer 3

Chart:

Question 4

We can classify stereotypes according to 2 spectrums of warmth and competence. What are the 4 different possibilities?

Answer 4

Paternalistic, admiration, contemptuousness, and enviousness

Question 5

Describe the paternalistic stereotype.

Answer 5

Low in competence, high in warmth

Question 6

Describe the contemptuousness stereotype.

Answer 6

Low in competence, low in warmth

Question 7

What is stigma?

Answer 7

The disapproval and shame felt by people which exhibit characteristics/behavior not acceptable by society

Question 8

What is xenophobia?

Answer 8

A generalized and irrational fear or hatred of people from a different culture/ethnicity. More severe than prejudice or racism.

Question 9

Ethnocentrism

Answer 9

The act of judging other cultures by the standards/through the lens of one’s own culture. Concluding that ones culture is superior to others.

Question 10

Compare achieved status vs. ascribed status

Answer 10

Achieved - any social position one can acquire on the basis of merit
Ascribed - social status assigned to a person at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life (not chosen)

Question 11

What is self-disclosure?

Answer 11

The act of making sure others are aware of your identity.

Question 12

What is altercasting?

Answer 12

A behavior of projecting an identity onto others you interact with, in order to help achieve your own goals.
Example: Motorist stopped for speeding tells the officer “As a police officer, you should be focused on stopping real crime instead of worrying about speed limits”?

Question 13

What is the matching hypothesis?

Answer 13

Proposes that people tend to pick partners who are about equal in level of attractiveness to themselves

Question 14

What are the different attachment styles resulting from childhood?

Answer 14

Secure, avoidant, ambivalent, and disorganized

Question 15

Define secure attachment

Answer 15

Results from normal, loving parenting

-child has some separation anxiety
child comforted when parents return, seeks parental contact

Causes individuals to have a lack of worry

Question 16

Define avoidant attachment

Answer 16

Results from uncaring/absent parents

-child treats parent no different from strangers, no separation anxiety
-child doesn’t seek comfort from caregiver & resists contact

Causes individuals to find it difficult trusting & depending on others

Question 17

Define ambivalent attachment

Answer 17

Results from inconsistent parenting, sometimes parent responds to child’s need, sometimes they don’t respond

-Child has (separation anxiety) when parent leaves
-Not comforted when parent returns, child becomes distrustful of parent & resists contact

Causes individuals to think that others are reluctant to get close to them

Question 18

Define disorganized attachment

Answer 18

Results from child neglect/abuse –> child has unorganized response to absence/presence of parent

-child exhibits confusion, mixed separation anxiety & resists parental attention
-child may become a caregiver themselves at an early age

Question 19

True or false:
Groupthink is more likely to cause inaccurate or ineffective group decisions .

Answer 19

True

Question 20

How does role-playing impact attitude?

Answer 20

When role-playing, individuals are asked to behave in ways that align with the assigned role they are given. These behaviors often cause the individuals attitudes to change, as the attitudes start to align with the behavior.

Question 21

What is optimism bias?

Answer 21

The tendency for people to underestimate the probability that bad things will happen to them.

Question 22

What is self-positivity bias?

Answer 22

The tendency for people to believe they are less vulnerable to negative outcomes than others.

Question 23

What is the social phenomenon which explains the experience of young boys on a deserted island in the “Lord of the Rings” who experience a breakdown of social standards.

Answer 23

Anomie - a lack of usual social and ethical standards normins present in a individual or group because society fails to provide enough guidance
Anomie occurs as a result of a transition in society that causes instability.

Question 24

What is the Hawk Dove game?

Answer 24

It is a game which describes a situation in which individuals competing for resources take on different strategies and depending on the different strategies that they take, the consequences/outcome change.

Question 25

Is tone of voice considered verbal or nonverbal communication?

Answer 25

Nonverbal communication

Question 26

What does the social construction model of emotional expression argue?

Answer 26

It argues that emotional responses are not biologically-based, and that all emotions rely entirely on experience and the context in which the emotion takes place.

Question 27

What does the basic (Darwin) model of emotional expression say?

Answer 27

It says that emotional expression is universal and similar across cultures because it is biologically predetermined.

Question 28

What are social networks? How does social capital and social mobility relate to social networks?

Answer 28

Social networks are informal webs of interaction of a person, both with strong and weak ties.
Social capital refers to the people in an individual’s social network than can be used for economic gain (getting a job, promotion, etc.)
Social mobility refers to the movement of an individual in socioeconomic status. The more social capital someone has, the more opportunity for social mobility.

Question 29

What is foraging behavior?

Answer 29

How an animal behaves in order to acquire food for energy

Question 30

Differentiate between polygyny and polyandry

Answer 30

Polygyny - form of polygamy that is marriage between one man & two+ women
Polyandry - marriage between one woman and two or more men

Question 31

Which theories attempt to explain the cause of intra-family violence?

Answer 31

Social learning theory - individuals who commit violence are modeling behaviors they’ve seen in the past
Frustration-aggression theory - individuals exhibit violence resulting from them experiencing stress or defeat

Question 32

Life-course approach of an illness

Answer 32

Holistic & multidisciplinary approach for understanding how pyschological, biological, & sociocultural factors across a lifetime have a cumulative effect on health outcomes.

Question 33

biomedical approach to illness

Answer 33

Supports there is a physiological cause which results in psychological symptoms. Therefore medical treatment is advised to fix the problem.

Question 34

The illness experience perspective

Answer 34

Symbolic interactionist approach attempting to understand how people incorporate & make sense of their illness as part of their self identity & daily routines

Question 35

Hard question

Answer 35

Question 36

What is gender socialization theory?

Answer 36

Focuses on how gendered attitudes and behaviors are taught to children. How social roles are taught to children based on gender.