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MCAT Flashcards > Social structures > Flashcards

Social structures Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Society

A

Live in the same delineated area and for the most part have the same culture

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2
Q

Social structures

A

Organizational systems within society that center around

characteristic, definable patterns of relationship between people and institutions

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3
Q

Functionalism

A

Study of every part of society and how they all function
Early functionalist view society as an organism with each part working together for the good of the whole, and each party matters ultimately in the good of the whole

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4
Q

Function

A

Benefits created by a person or entity’s actions

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5
Q

Dysfunction

A

Negative or harmful effects brought by a person or entity’s actions

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6
Q

Manifest functions

A

Functions with intended consequences

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7
Q

Latent functions

A

Functions with unintended consequences

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8
Q

Conflict theory

A

That people and different groups are constantly in conflict as they are competing for different goods and resources
Scarcity creates this conflict
“Resources” include material, social and political
Societal structures further protect resources by keeping the same people in power and preventing others from advancing (maintain social order)

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9
Q

Symbolic interactionism

A

Study of way people interact through the shared understanding of symbols

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10
Q

Symbols

A

Anything to which we attach meaning

Can be words, gestures, body language, sounds

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11
Q

Social constructionism

A

How people in a society develop jointly constructed understandings of the world

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12
Q

Social constructs

A

The result of societies agreeing upon the significance of something
For example, gender, money, honor, justice, etc. these things have no inherent “worth”, but we have decided they do in our society

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13
Q

Education

A

Process of giving or receiving formal instruction
However, has many latent functions, including socialization, giving of status from achievement of degree, stimulation of students

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14
Q

Family

A

Related in some significant way, either by blood, adoption, marriage, law, or have some degree of responsibility in relation to each other
Function like small units of society

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15
Q

Egalitarian family

A

When both parents have equal power

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16
Q

Patriarchy

A

Men have the most authority

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17
Q

Matriarchy

A

Women have the most authority

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18
Q

Kinship

A

Less to blood relationship and more who we consider belonging to our family
Ex: family friends who have been around for so long we call “aunt”

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19
Q

Kin

A

Can also refer to people who are actually “of kin” by blood
When group is derived equally from parents, referred as bilateral descent
When derived more from either paternal or maternal, called patrilineal or matrilineal respectively

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20
Q

Religion

A

Patterns of beliefs, practices, organizational forms that seem to a dress the meaning of life while creating a sense of community
Four type of religious organizations: churches, sects, state religion, cults

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21
Q

Churches

A

Thoroughly integrated in society
Interested in the mundane and daily in addition to the sacred and holy
Typically organized by a codified set of rules
People allowed to join later in life, although many are born into a certain church

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22
Q

Sects

A

Religious organizations noticing not integrated into society
Split from larger more defined religious organizations
Members born into sect or else must convert
Extreme: may withdraw from society and practice beliefs in a more controlled setting
Example: Mormonism

23
Q

State religion

A

Religious organization that includes most members of a society and is officially recognized
Sometimes doesn’t tolerate other religions
Not necessarily a theocracy

24
Q

Theocracy

A

The government is run by religious figures and is based on religious principles

25
Q

Cult

A

Relatively small religious organization with beliefs and practices that are typically far outside of what society regards as normal or acceptable

26
Q

5 major world religions

A

Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism

27
Q

Government

A

The system by which a state or community is run

28
Q

Economy

A

Wealth and resources of a state or community, with particular attention paid to finite amount of goods and services that are produced, distributed, traded, and consumed

29
Q

Rational-legal authority

A

When a government is based on legal rationality, legitimacy and bureaucracy

30
Q

Capitalism

A

An economy based on resources and methods of production or trade which are privately owned and used to generate profit

31
Q

State capitalism

A

Companies are for the most part, privately run, but govt runs some major institutions, like schools and military

32
Q

Welfare capitalism

A

System in which companies are privately run but govt have a network of social welfare programs

33
Q

Traditional authority

A

Power that is based down through tradition and custom

34
Q

Healthcare

A

Institution that practices medicine and aims to maintain and improve the health of individuals and society as a whole

35
Q

Medical ethics

A

System of moral judgments and values that apply to the practice of medicine

36
Q

Four primary tenants of medical ethics

A

Beneficence
Justice
Non-maleficence
Respect for autonomy

37
Q

Food deserts

A

Areas in which fresh food is difficult or impossible to find

38
Q

Culture

A

The amalgamation of beliefs, norms, and values that certain groups or people share
Refers to the collective lifestyle of a group of people

39
Q

Material culture

A

Physical objects that have been made or are used by a particular culture
Included: jewelry, architecture, artwork, tools, clothing, money, food

40
Q

Symbolic culture

A

The symbols and ideas used by a particular culture

41
Q

Language

A

Complex system of symbols that allow people to communicate with each tiger and share what is going on in their heads
Allows for transmission and maintenance of culture

42
Q

Linguistic relativity hypothesis aka Whorfian hypothesis

A

Our perception or reality is shaped by the structure and content of our language

43
Q

Belief

A

Something people hold and accept to be true

44
Q

Value

A

Held as important in life, enough so that it influences the way people make decisions and behave

45
Q

Norms

A

Rules (spoken or unspoken) define what is and isn’t acceptable as far as behavior, beliefs, attitudes, values

46
Q

Ritual

A

Ceremony consisting of series of actions that are performed in particular order and reflect the values of the culture

47
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Evaluation of other cultures based upon preconceptions and ideas that come from standards and customs of one’s own culture

48
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Idea that persons beliefs and activities should be viewed and understood through context of own culture

49
Q

Culture shock

A

Disorientation felt by someone suddenly subjected to or immersed into an unfamiliar new culture

50
Q

Culture lag

A

Tendency of material culture to evolve and change faster than symbolic culture

51
Q

Cultural diffusion

A

Process by which a cultural phenomenon spreads through a culture and outward into different cultures

52
Q

Cultural assimilation

A

Process by which a particular groups culture begins to resemble that of another

53
Q

Measurements of assimilation

A

Geographic distribution
Intermarriage
Language acquisition
Socioeconomic status

54
Q

Cultural or ethnic if enclaves

A

Slows cultural assimilation

For example, a neighborhood having a high song of people from a district culture or ethnicity

MCAT Flashcards (23 decks)

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