Mitosis Cycles

Question 1

G0, Resting Phase

Answer 1

not considered a proper part of the cell cycle b/c a cell can be in this stage for indefinite period of time, but still important
cell is just going about it’s business

Question 2

Interphase

Answer 2

cell is preparing for division
can take up approx. 90% of the time of the cell cycle
composed of 3 stages: G1, S, ang G2 –> Gap 1, Synthesis, Gap 2
chromatin is loosely packed through this stage

Question 3

G1 - Gap 1

Answer 3

first part of interphase where cell is growing and commits to division
before it commits, it checks for DNA damage or external factors (lack of nutrients)
this is the first checkpoint, aka restriction point

Question 4

S - Synthesis

Answer 4

when DNA is replicated

Question 5

G2 - Gap 2

Answer 5

2nd checkpoint after replication
checks for DNA damage after replication
if there’s damage, the cell cycle pauses until it can be corrected and the cell won’t divide yet

Question 6

Mitotic Phase - M-Phase

Answer 6

cell division

takes place in four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 7

Prophase

Answer 7

preparation of cell for mitosis
DNA condenses into chromosomes
nucleolus disappears

Question 8

Prometaphase

Answer 8

nuclear membrane breaks down
kinetochore microtubules invade the nuclear space and attach to kinetochores
polar microtubules push out against each other and move centrosomes apart

Question 9

Centrosomes

Answer 9

the major microtubule organizing center of the cell

Question 10

Kinetochores

Answer 10

attached to the centromere of the cell (where the two sister chromatids are joined together) and is the place where the mitotic spindle from the centrosomes attache to pull sister chromatids apart

Question 11

Asters

Answer 11

extend from centrosome and anchor it to the cell membrane

Question 12

Metaphase

Answer 12

chromosomes line up along metaphase plate (middle of cell)

final checkpoint of cell division - make sure that the kinetochores are properly attached to the microtubules

Question 13

Anaphase

Answer 13

sister chromatids are separated to opposites sides of the cell
occurs as the microtubules attached to kinetochores are shortened
at this point, each side of cell has a complete set of DNA

Question 14

Telophase

Answer 14

opposite of prophase
new nuclear envelope formed around chromosome, and nucleolus within each of the nuclei
the cell is then divides by cytokinesis of the cell