Carbohydrates

Question 1

What is the general formula for a carbohydrate?

Answer 1

Cx(H2O)y

Question 2

What are the components of a carbohydrate molecule?

Answer 2

A carbon backbone
Carbonyl group
At least one OH group

Question 3

What is an Aldose?

Answer 3

A carbohydrate with a terminal carbonyl group

Ex: glucose

Question 4

What is a ketose?

Answer 4

A carbohydrate with a non-terminal carbonyl

Question 5

What isomer are carbohydrates in eukaryotic cells found in?

Answer 5

D-isomers

Question 6

What is the D/L nomenclature?

Answer 6

This is different than R/S or Dextrorotatory/levorotatory

It is based on how the glyceraldehyde is oriented

Question 7

Glucose

Answer 7

Aldohexose

Main fuel source of organism

Question 8

Fructose

Answer 8

Ketohexose

Produced by plants and fruits

Question 9

Galactose

Answer 9

Aldohexose
Found in dairy products and sugar beets
Can be rapidly converted to glucose

Question 10

Sucrose

Answer 10

Glucose + fructose

-table sugar

Question 11

Lactose

Answer 11

Glucose + galactose

-if you express lactase still, you can break this down

Question 12

Maltose

Answer 12

Glucose + glucose

-found in beer, potatoes, produced by breakdown of starch

Question 13

Amylose

Answer 13

Chains of glucose linked by alpha 1-4 glucosidic bonds

Question 14

Amylopectin

Answer 14

Chains of glucose linked by alpha 1-4 and branching at 1-6 every 24-30 units

Question 15

Starch

Answer 15

20-30 amylose, 70-89 amylopectin

Question 16

Glycogen

Answer 16

Linear chains of glucose linked at alpha 1-4 and branching at 1-6 every 8-12 united
Synthesized in liver and stored in liver and muscle cells
How our body stores glucose when we need to

Question 17

Cellulose

Answer 17

Linear chain of glucose linked by beta 1-4 glycosidic bond

-produced in plants, not digestible by humans, often referred to as dietary fiber

Question 18

Sucrose

Answer 18

glucose and fructose

Glu(α1–>β2)Fru

Question 19

Lactose

Answer 19

galactose + glucose

Gal(β1–>4)Flu

Question 20

Maltose

Answer 20

two glucose molecules

Glu(α1–>4)Glu