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MCAT Flashcards > Social Interaction > Flashcards

Social Interaction Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Status

A

Socially defined position used to define someone

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2
Q

Master status

A

The status that overshadows all others and determines place in society

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3
Q

Ascribed status

A

Assigned by society

Ex: gender, ethnicity, race

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4
Q

Achieved status

A

Status gained or earned through one’s effort

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5
Q

Role

A

Collection of behaviors, values, norms, attitudes and beliefs that are expected of a person holding a particular status

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6
Q

Role partner

A

The people we interact with under a status that determine what role we will take on

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7
Q

Role performance

A

How well we carry out a particular role

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8
Q

Role conflict

A

Difficulty in fulfilling expectations of two or more roles at once

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9
Q

Role strain

A

Difficulty of fulfilling multiple expectations within same role

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10
Q

Group

A

Two or more people who identify and interact with one another
Generally share values, interests, family, social placement, political ideas

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11
Q

Family group

A

Determined by, adoption, marriage, blood

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12
Q

Peer group

A

People of similar ages, status, with similar interests

Self selected

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13
Q

Reference group

A

Social group against which individuals can evaluate yourselves

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14
Q

Primary group

A

Direct interaction between members with close and intimate relationships that tend to last a long period of time

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15
Q

Secondary group

A

Superficial interaction between members, with weak and not so intimate and relationships that tend to not last long

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16
Q

Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft

A

Gemeinschaft - groups united by shared values ancestry and geographic location
Gesellschaft - groups united by nations corporations formed for sake of mutual self interest

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17
Q

SYMLOG

A

System for multiple level observation of groups
Centers around 3 fundamental dimensions of interaction:
Instrumentally controlled vs emotionally expressive
Dominance vs submission
Friendliness vs unfriendliness

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18
Q

Group conformity

A

Power a group holds over its individual members

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19
Q

Network

A

Observable, chartable pattern of relationships between individuals and groups

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20
Q

Social network

A

Complicated, intricate web of social connections between people, with both direct and indirect links to different people and groups

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21
Q

Organization

A

Entity that comes together with a specific culture and structure set on achieving specific goals

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22
Q

Coercive organization

A

Organization where members don’t have a choice of joining

Ex: prison

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23
Q

Normative organization

A

Members join based on a shared normal goal

Ex: Red Cross

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24
Q

Utilitarian organization

A

Members paid for efforts

Ex: businesses and corporations

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25
Q

Bureaucracy

A

Rational system of administration, control and discipline

Has 6 defining characteristics

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26
Q

6 characteristics of bureaucracy

A

Formal hierarchical structure
Managed via set of defined, specific rules and regulations
Organized by functional specialty
Organized with united mission that is up-focused or in-focused
Purposefully impersonal
Employment based on technical qualifications

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27
Q

Parkinson’s law

A

That bureaucracies grow management and professional staff at a steady, predictable rate, regardless of what organization is doing

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28
Q

Iron law of oligarchy

A

Majority of bureaucratic and democratic organizations eventually shift to being ruled by oligarchs

29
Q

Basic model of emotional expressions

A

Various forms of expression are consistent with evolutionary theory and are similar across different cultures

30
Q

Social construction model

A

No biological basis for emotions and they are based entirely on experiences and social context

31
Q

Display rules

A

Cultural expectations about how emotions should be expressed

32
Q

Cultural syndrome

A

Attitudes, behaviors, beliefs, norms, values around some central theme and shared among members of same culture

33
Q

Empathy

A

Ability to personally identify with another persons emotions

34
Q

Self presentation

A

Displaying oneself to others and society through means of culturally acceptable behaviors

35
Q

Impression management

A

Process through which we attempt to shape and influence how other people perceive us

36
Q

Authentic self

A

Who we really are

37
Q

Ideal self

A

Who we’d like to be

38
Q

Tactical self

A

Who we pretend to be in order to meet the expectations other people have of us

39
Q

Dramaturgical perspective

A

People imagine themselves playing certain roles while interacting in society
Identity depends on situations we are in and the people we are with

40
Q

Front stage

A

Actor in front of audience, performance and dresses in accordance with audience, the stage, the script

41
Q

Back stage

A

Actor not performing, can be herself, not having to worry about anything other than comfort and personal taste

42
Q

Verbal communication

A

Communication that relies on the use of words - either written, spoken, signed

43
Q

Nonverbal communication

A

Transfer of information without words - use eye contact, facial expression, gestures, tone of voice, body language, space between 2 people

44
Q

Interpersonal attraction

A

Having positive feelings about another member of the species on basic element of love, friendship, admiration, lust, and other kinds of close social relationships.

45
Q

Proximity

A

Geographical nearness to someone else

46
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

People prefer repeated exposure to the same stimuli instead of new stimuli

47
Q

Similarity

A

Your similarity in attitudes, backgrounds, beliefs, interest, values, make you more attracted to a person

48
Q

Appearance

A

Strong influence on attraction

49
Q

Self disclosure

A

Ability one has in a relationship to disclose one’s closest fears, dreams, thoughts, and goals to one’s partner

50
Q

Reciprocal liking

A

When someone likes another more because they know the person likes them back
Reciprocity in general is important for a healthy relationship

51
Q

Aggression

A

Opposite of attraction. The behaviors or attitudes that are hostile, assertive and attacking
Used to asset social dominance or to cause bodily harm

52
Q

What controls aggression?

A

Amygdala - associates incoming stimuli with correspondent punishment and rewards
Pre-frontal cortex- controls amygdala and can diminish impulsive behaviors
Also controlled by genetics, neural control and bio chemicals

53
Q

Cognitive association model

A

We are more likely to respond to stimuli in an aggressive manner when we are experiencing negative emotions or physiological feelings

54
Q

Frustration aggression principle

A

More likely to behave aggressively when we are blocked from reaching a goal

55
Q

Attachment

A

Emotional connection between child and caregiver that is established from birth

56
Q

Secure attachment

A

Child has constant caregiver and is able to explore and learn about world, knowing they have a secure base to return to

57
Q

Ambivalent attachment

A

Child’s caregiver is inconsistent, doesn’t always respond to child’s needs. On-off effect - child distressed when separated from caregiver, more ambivalent upon their return

58
Q

Avoidant attachment

A

Child’s caregiver provides little to no response to child’s need, provides no safe base.
Show no preference between caregiver and total stranger

59
Q

Disorganized attachment

A

Child’s caregiver behaves erratically and is typified by disorganized pattern of behavior in response to caregivers absence and presence

60
Q

Social support

A

Perception that you are cared for and supported by social network
Can be emotional, esteem-based, material, informational, network-based

61
Q

Foraging behavior

A

Refers to animals search for and use of food resources

62
Q

Mating behavior

A

Social behavior rooted in need for reproduction and continuing species.
3 types: monogamy, polygamy( polygyny for male with many females, polyandry for female with many males), promiscuity

63
Q

Mate choice

A

Deliberate selection of mate based on attraction and selectiveness
Can provide direct and indirect benefits

64
Q

Mate bias

A

The selectiveness of choosing a mate

65
Q

Benefits that come from mate choice

A

Direct phenotypic benefits - traits outwardly observed and make mate more attractive indicating that potential mate will have more viable offspring
Indicator traits - signals for overall good quantify of mate
Genetic capability- how well genes of two mating animals work together to make viable offspring
Sensory bias - trait that develops in non-mating context and is adapted or explored by animal to attract mate
Fisherian selection - trait has no effect on survival but becomes more bold or pronounced and makes them attractive

66
Q

Inclusive fitness

A

Number of offspring animal has and how well it supports those offspring and how well they support organisms in group

67
Q

Altruistic behaviors

A

Can boost inclusive fitness - it is acts that help members of group thrive and survive.

68
Q

Game theory

A

Used originally to study decision making in terms of economics but now used to study social behaviors as well
How an act fits into the larger notion of natural selection
Payoff is typically sexual fitness

69
Q

Discrimination

A

Active form of prejudice - acting in a particular, irrational way toward a particular group of people
Can be institutional when they are a part of an institutions core objective and operations

MCAT Flashcards (23 decks)

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