Social Structure and the Individual

Question 1

The boundaries people confront as they make decisions about their individual and collective actions

Answer 1

Social structure

Question 2

Things we may have or that we acquire, such as money, education, and status, which are valuable or allow us to accomplish goals

Answer 2

Resources

Question 3

A person’s or group’s socially determined positions within a larger group or society

Answer 3

Social statuses

Question 4

Results at least in part from your efforts. ex; occupation, level of education, class, and marital status

Answer 4

Achieved status

Question 5

Assigned to you by society without regard for your unique talents, efforts, or characteristics; this often happens at birth

Answer 5

Ascribed status

Question 6

Social ranking systems

Answer 6

Social hierarchies

Question 7

Opportunities to provide yourself with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable life experiences

Answer 7

Life chances

Question 8

A set of expectations about the behavior and attitudes of people who occupy a particular social status

Answer 8

Social role

Question 9

Inconsistency between two or more of the roles we fill

Answer 9

Role Conflict

Question 10

Consists of two or more people with similar values and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis

Answer 10

Social group

Question 11

The rules and expectations by which a group guides the behavior of its members

Answer 11

Norms

Question 12

Behavior that meets the rules and expectations of a group

Answer 12

Normative

Question 13

A series of social relationships that links a person directly to other individuals (such as friends) and indirectly to even more people (for instance, friends of friends)

Answer 13

Social network

Question 14

Enduring practices and rules (both formal and informal) that organize a central domain of social life

Answer 14

Social institutions

Question 15

Our ability to act given the structural rules and resources that impact our behaviors

Answer 15

Agency

Question 16

The experiences that give us an identity and teach us the values, morals, beliefs, and ways of acting and thinking that are expected in our society

Answer 16

Socialization

Question 17

Values and norms of the larger culture

Answer 17

Generalized other

Question 18

The way our perception of how others see us affects our sense of self

Answer 18

Looking-glass self

Question 19

The individuals, groups, organizations, and institutions that influence your sense of self and help you learn how to be a member of society

Answer 19

Agents of socialization

Question 20

The process of adopting new social norms and identities

Answer 20

Resocialization

Question 21

The dominant, widespread ideas of what it means to be a straight man

Answer 21

Hetero-normative masculinity

Question 22

Where groups of people are largely cut off from the wider society and their lives are largely controlled by the institution

Answer 22

Total institutions

Question 23

The practice of wearing a hair covering or veil

Answer 23

Veiling

Question 24

Understanding the extent to which we shape the social world and the extent to which we are shaped by it

Answer 24

Sociological imagination

Question 25

Focuses on individual identities and small-scale interactions with others

Answer 25

Micro-sociology

Question 26

Takes aim at large-scale societal structures, including groups and institutions as well as social forces such as norms

Answer 26

Macro-sociology

Question 27

The study of human interaction by focusing on the words and gestures that people use and the meanings they create about the world

Answer 27

Symbolic interaction

Question 28

The unequal distribution of resources and opportunities across society

Answer 28

Structure of opportunity

Question 29

The process of evaluating our position in the social world, the rules we are expected to follow, and the resources we have or can acquire

Answer 29

Reflexivity