Introduction

Question 1

The study of how societies are organized and how the organization of a society influences the behavior of people living in it

Answer 1

Sociology

Question 2

The capacity to think about our own personal experience in relation to larger social forces that influence every aspect of our lives, whether they are visible to us or not

Answer 2

Sociological imagination

Question 3

The rapid development of manufacturing and industry inspired by technological changes in machinery during the 1700-1800s

Answer 3

Industrial revolution

Question 4

Dividing up jobs so that different individuals can specialize in what they are best at and trade the surplus

Answer 4

Division of labor

Question 5

Remembered today as one of the founders of socialism or communism, actually spent most of his time writing about capitalism and the massively changing economic relations it brought about

Answer 5

Karl Marx

Question 6

A struggle between groups that have differing interests and needs

Answer 6

Social conflict

Question 7

A group of people with similar positions in the economy and similar needs and interests (Marx)

Answer 7

classes

Question 8

Capacity to work (Marx)

Answer 8

Labor

Question 9

Compensation for ones labor (Marx)

Answer 9

Wages

Question 10

Instead of focusing on the properties and characteristics of individuals, these type of sociologists argue that individuals are defined by their relationships with others and with social institutions such as the economy

Answer 10

Relational sociologist

Question 11

The feeling of being disconnected from others, from work, and even from our own sense of humanity

Answer 11

Alienation

Question 12

A french sociologist that played a key role in the development of sociology into a social science. He insisted that the study of society should follow rigorous rules and, like other sciences, should rely on data to test whether our ideas about the world are correct

Answer 12

Emile Durkheim

Question 13

Forces that both impact individual behavior and are produced by that behavior (Durkheim)

Answer 13

Structure

Question 14

The patterns of how people in a society were connected (Durkheim)

Answer 14

Solidarity

Question 15

All parts of society are intricately connected, the society is extremely cohesive, and people are highly integrated with one another (Durkheim)

Answer 15

Mechanical solidarity

Question 16

Some members of society are only very distantly connected to one another, but members increasingly rely on each other (Durkheim)

Answer 16

Organic solidarity

Question 17

How tied you are as an individual, to others (Durkheim)

Answer 17

Integration

Question 18

The idea that all groups have rules, both formal and informal (Durkheim)

Answer 18

Regulation

Question 19

Expectations for our behavior

Answer 19

Norms

Question 20

A situation in which people do not have clear moral standards or social expectations to guide their behavior (Durkheim)

Answer 20

Anomie

Question 21

A sociologist whose definition of sociology is one of the most famous. Emphasizes methodological individualism.

Answer 21

Max Weber

Question 22

Perspective that individuals should be at the center of any study of society (Weber)

Answer 22

Methodological individualism

Question 23

Behaviors that produce structures

Answer 23

Social action (Weber)

Question 24

Perspective that focuses on the meaning that people make of their actions

Answer 24

Interpretive understanding

Question 25

The values that people hold and that ultimately guide their social actions (Weber)

Answer 25

Culture

Question 26

An activist and sociologist and is considered the founder of the field of social work

Answer 26

Jane Addams

Question 27

A settlement house established by Jane Addams in Northwest Chicago. She envisioned this place as a center for social reform, where women could be educated, have support raising their children, and engage in social activism

Answer 27

Hull House

Question 28

Influential group of sociologists at the University of Chicago who engaged in innovative research on cities and the patterns of how people live within them

Answer 28

Chicago School

Question 29

Making the people that are to be helped a fundamental part of the research practice

Answer 29

Socially-engaged scholarship

Question 30

Our relative social standing

Answer 30

Status

Question 31

Symbolic rewards Whites receive from a system that values whiteness

Answer 31

Psychological wage