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MCAT Psychology > Social Stratification > Flashcards

Social Stratification Flashcards

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1
Q

Social class

A

A category of people who share a similar socioeconomic position in society

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2
Q

Marxist theory

A

Proposes that the proletariat could overthrow the bourgeoisie, as well as the entire capitalist economy by developing class consciousness

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3
Q

Class consciousness

A

The organization of the working class around shared goals and recognition of a need for collective political action

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4
Q

False consciousness

A

A misperception of one’s actual position within a society

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5
Q

Anomie

A

A lack of social norms, or the breakdown of social bonds between an individual and society

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6
Q

Social capital

A

The investments people make in their society for economic or collective rewards

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7
Q

Social integration

A

Peaceful movement into mainstream society

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8
Q

Privilege

A

Inequality in opportunity

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9
Q

Cultural capital

A

The benefits one receives from knowledge, abilities, and skills

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10
Q

Strong ties

A

Peer group and kinship contacts, quantitatively small but qualitatively powerful

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11
Q

Weak ties

A

Social connects that are personally superficial, such as associates, but that are large in number and provide connections to a wide range of other individuals

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12
Q

Social mobility

A

The result of an economic occupational structure that allows one to acquire higher-level employment opportunities given proper credentials and experience requirements

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13
Q

Intragenerational changes

A

Changes in social status that happen with person’s lifetime

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14
Q

Intergenerational changes

A

Changes from parents to chidlren

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15
Q

Meritocracy

A

A means for a person to advance up the social ladder based on intellectual talent and achievement

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16
Q

Plutocracy

A

A rule by the upper class

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17
Q

Vertical mobilIty

A

A movement from one social class to another

18
Q

Horizontal mobility

A

A change in occupation or lifestyle that reminds within the same social class

19
Q

Poverty

A

Defined by low SES and a lack of possessions or financial resources

20
Q

Structural poverty

A

Holes in the structures of society that necessitate that the same percentage of society falls under the poverty line

21
Q

Absolute poverty

A

A socioeconomic condition in which people do not have enough money or resources to maintain a quality of living that includes basic life necessities such as shelter, food, clothing, and water

22
Q

Relative poverty

A

When one is poor in comparison to the larger population

23
Q

Poverty level

A

Derived from the government’s calculation of the minimum income requirements for families to acquire the minimum necessities of life

24
Q

Social exclusion

A

Can arise from the sense of powerlessness that arises when poor individuals feel segregated and isolated from society

25
Q

Spatial inequality

A

Focuses on social stratification across territories and their populations

26
Q

Suburbanization

A

The migration pattern of the middle classes to suburban communities

27
Q

Urban decay

A

When a previously functional portion of a city deteriorates and becomes decrepit over time

28
Q

Urban renewal

A

When city land is reclaimed and renovated for public or private use. Often fueled by gentrification

29
Q

Gentrification

A

When upper and middle class populations begin to purchase and renovate neighborhoods in deteriorated areas, displacing the low SES population

30
Q

World system theory

A

Categorizes countries and emphasizes the inequalities of the division of labor at the global level

31
Q

Core nations

A

Focus on higher skills, and higher paying productions, while exploiting peripheral nations

32
Q

Peripheral nations

A

Exploited by core nations. Have lower-skilled productions

33
Q

Semi-peripheral nations

A

Midway between core and peripheral nations. They work toward becoming core nations

34
Q

Incidence

A

The number of new cases of an illness per population at risk in a given amount of time

35
Q

Prevalence

A

A measure of the number of cases of an illness overall-whether new or chronic-per population in a given amount of time

36
Q

Morbidity

A

The burden or degree of illness associated with a given disease

37
Q

Mortality

A

The deaths caused by a given disease

38
Q

Second sickness

A

An exacerbation of health outcomes caused by social injustice

39
Q

Medicare

A

Covers patients over the age of 65, those with end-stage renal disease, and those with ALS

40
Q

Medicaid

A

Covers patients who are in significant financial need

MCAT Psychology (12 decks)

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