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MCAT Psychology > Social Interactions > Flashcards

Social Interactions Flashcards

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1
Q

Statuses

A

Positions in society that are used to classify individuals. Most exist in relation to each other (e.g. premed with relation to med student and resident)

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2
Q

Ascribed status

A

A status that one is given involuntarily due to factors such as race, ethnicity, gender, and family background

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3
Q

Achieved status

A

One that is gained as a result of one’s efforts or choices such as being a doctor

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4
Q

Master status

A

The status by which a person is most identified

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5
Q

Role

A

A set of beliefs, attitudes, and norms that define expectations for those who hold the status

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6
Q

Role performance

A

The carrying out of behaviors associated with a given role

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7
Q

Role partner

A

The person with whom one is interacting

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8
Q

Role set

A

The various roles associated with a status

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9
Q

Role conflict

A

Difficulty in satisfying the requirement or expectations of multiple roles

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10
Q

Role strain

A

Difficulty satisfying multiple requirements of the same role

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11
Q

Role exit

A

The dropping of one identity for another

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12
Q

Group/social group

A

Consists of two or more people who share similar characteristics and a sense of unity

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13
Q

Dyad

A

A group of two people

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14
Q

Triad

A

A group of three people

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15
Q

Peer group

A

A group that is defined by association of self-selected equals around similar interests, ages, and statuses

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16
Q

Family group

A

A group that is determined by birth, adoption, and marriage

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17
Q

In-groups

A

Groups to which an individual belongs

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18
Q

Out-groups

A

Groups with which an individual competes or is in opposition

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19
Q

Reference groups

A

Groups that establish the terms by which individuals evaluate themselves

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20
Q

Primary group

A

Groups in which interactions are direct, with close bonds providing warm, personal, and intimate relationships to members

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21
Q

Secondary group

A

Groups in which interactions are superficial with few emotional bonds (e.g. group project group)

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22
Q

Geimeinschaft and Gellenschaft

A

Theory of community and society in which communities are groups that are united by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography; and society refers to groups that are formed because of mutual self-interest, working together towards the same goal

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23
Q

Interaction process analysis

A

Technique for observing, classifying, and measuring the interactions within small groups

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24
Q

System for multiple level observation of groups (SMYLOG)

A

Based on the belief that there are three fundamental dimensions of interaction: dominancy vs. submission, friendliness vs. unfriendliness, and instrumentally controlled vs. emotionally expressive

25
Q

Group conformity

A

When a group creates pressure on its members that ultimately shapes members’ behaviors

26
Q

Network

A

Used to describe observable patterns of social relationships among individuals or groups. Determined by mapping out the interactions between individual units.

27
Q

Network redundancy

A

Overlapping connections with the same individuals

28
Q

Immediate networks

A

Dense with strong ties

29
Q

Distant networks

A

Loose and contain relatively weak ties

30
Q

Organizations

A

Entities that are set up to achieve specific goals and are characterized by having a structure and a culture

31
Q

Formal organizations

A

Differ from groups in that they may continue despite the departure of an individual member, have expressed goals, have enforcement procedures, characterized by hierarchical allotment of formal roles or duties to members

32
Q

Characteristic institution

A

The basic organization of society. Previously kin, clan, or sibling. Now bureaucracy

33
Q

Bureaucracy

A

A rational system of political organization, administration, discipline, and control

34
Q

Iron Law of Oligarchy

A

States that democratic or bureaucratic systems naturally shift to oligarchy

35
Q

McDonaldization

A

The shift in focus towards efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control in societies

36
Q

Self-presentation/Impression management

A

The process of displaying oneself to society through culturally accepted behaviors

37
Q

Basic model of emotional expression

A

States that emotional expression involves a number of components: facial expressions, behaviors, postures, vocal changes, and physiological changes

38
Q

Appraisal model

A

States that there are biological predetermined expressions once an emotion is experienced but that there is a cognitive antecedent to emotional expression

39
Q

Social construction model

A

Assumes that there is no biological basis for emotions, and that instead, emotions are based on experiences and the situational context alone

40
Q

Display rules

A

Cultural expectations of emotions. Govern which emotions can be expressed and to what degree

41
Q

Cultural syndrome

A

A shared set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, values, and behaviors among members of the same culture that are organized around a central theme. Influences the rules for expressing emotion.

42
Q

Impression management

A

Refers to our attempts to influence how others perceive us. This is done through the regulations or controlling of information in social interactions. Three selves: authentic, ideal, and tactical

43
Q

Authentic self

A

Describes who the person actually is, including both positive and negative attributes

44
Q

Tactical self

A

Who we market ourselves to be when we adhere to others’ expectations of us (similar to ought self)

45
Q

Self-disclosure

A

Impression management strategy. Giving information about oneself to establish an identity

46
Q

Managing appearances

A

Impression management strategy. Using props, appearance, emotional expression, or associations with others to create a positive image

47
Q

Ingratiation

A

Impression management strategy. Using flattery or conforming to expectations to win someone over

48
Q

Aligning actions

A

Impression management strategy. Making questionable behavior acceptable through excuses

49
Q

Alter-casting

A

Impression management strategy. Imposing an identity onto another person.

50
Q

Dramaturgical approach

A

The metaphor of theater performance which describes how individuals create images of themselves in various situations.

51
Q

Front stage

A

Performing according to setting, role, and script in order to conform to the image you want others to see

52
Q

Back stage

A

When you are not being observed by an audience and are free to act in ways that may not be congruent with your desired public image without having to worry about ruining the performance

53
Q

Mead’s I

A

The creative expression of the individual

54
Q

Mead’s me

A

The part of the self that is a response to the environment

55
Q

Communication

A

The ability to convey information by speech, writing, signals, or behavior

56
Q

Verbal communication

A

The transmission of information via the use of words, whether spoken, written, or signed

57
Q

Nonverbal communication

A

Refers to how people communicate, intentionally or unintentionally, without words

58
Q

Animal communication

A

Any behavior of one animal that affects the behavior of another

MCAT Psychology (12 decks)

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