Social Science Flashcards
When did India win it’s independence?
1947
The borders in South East Asia are a result of….
The withdrawal of the British Empire after WWII
What is the world’s largest democracy?
India
What is the population of India?
1.2 billion
What is the population of Nepal?
31 million
What is the population of Bangladesh?
166 Million
What is the population of Bhutan?
734,000
What 7 nation states make up South East Asia?
India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Bhutan with island states such as Sri Lanka and the Maldives
What is the population of Sri Lanka?
22 million
What is the population of the Maldives?
394,000
What are the three geographic zones that the indian subcontinent is divided into?
Indo-Gangetic; Himalayan Mountains; and the Deccan Plateau
When was the Deccan Plateau formed?
Prehistoric times
The Deccan plateau is not a good place for …
Agriculture
The Deccan plateau is mostly composed of…
Granite
The Deccan plateau is kept from the coasts of India by…
The ghats
The ghats are made of …
Granite
Which two mountain ranges form a boundary in the a Northwest of India?
Kirthar and Sulaiman
Which plateau is just beyond the Himalayan mountains?
The Tibetan Plateau
The rich agrarian plain in India is the…
Indo-Gangetic Plain
What is the name of the land between the Yamuna River and the Ganges?
The doab
What is the name of the land where the five rivers run off?
Punjab
New Delhi, India’s capital lies along which River?
Yamuna River
What is the capital of Bangladesh?
Dhaka
How many yearly monsoons does India have?
Two
Monsoons carry rain from where?
Indian Ocean
When does the first monsoon begin?
June or July
The first monsoon goes in which direction?
West to east
The second monsoon goes in which direction?
East to west
Which city in India is an entrepôt?
Calicut
Before 1947 India was under control of who?
British Colonial Government
When did Bangladesh gain independence?
1971
What is the contemporary term used to describe the Indian subcontinent before 1947?
South Asia
Since 2007 which organization has added Afghanistan as a part of South Asia?
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
In what year did Bombay change to Mumbai?
1995
In 2001, what did Calcutta become?
Kolkata
Most recently Bangalore became ____________ in 2014.
Bengaluru
What is colonialism?
The rule of one group of people by another without complete permission or unequal, often exploitative, terms
In what phase of European Colonialism was India settled?
Commercial empires of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
In what century were colonial governments challenged?
Twentieth century
What is the basic unit of world governance?
A nation-state
What is the collective term for a group of people living in similar areas with similar cultural backgrounds?
Nation
What is a state?
A governing body of a nation or group of people
_______ are not political or economic units.
Nations
The borders of countries in which two continents were determined by continental powers?
Africa and Asia
India is both multi-__________ and multi-_________.
Ethnic; linguistic
When did the Battle of Plassey take place?
1757
Who did the Battle of Plassey bring to India?
Britain
When was the Indian National Congress founded?
1885
What are the two great modern empires in India?
Vijayanagara and the Mughal Empire
What percent of India’s population are Hindus?
80.5
What is the practice of Hindus worshipping deities in temples?
Darshan
Is Hinduism polytheistic or monotheistic?
Polytheistic
What are the two philosophical Vedas?
Ramayana and Mahabharata
Some (stupid) scholars argue that Hinduism was actually invented by who?
The British
In Hinduism Brahma is the _________.
Creator
In Hinduism Vishnu is who?
The protector
In Hinduism who is the destroyer?
Shiva
What percent of Indians worship Buddha?
0.8%
What percent of Indians practice Jainism?
0.4%
Which two religions were a critique of Hinduism?
Jainism and Buddhism
When was Indian emperor Ashoka born, and when did he die?
304-232 BCE
What does Ahimsa mean?
Non-violence
Who was the first person to convert to Buddhism?
Indian Emperor Ashoka
During what time period did Buddhism die out in India?
Medieval Period
Which religion has remained a continuos existence in India alongside Hinduism?
Jainism
Both Jainism and Hinduism criticize what?
Karma and rebirth
Buddhism says that the root of suffering is…
Desire
Jainism encourages non-action and __________.
Asceticism
Where is Gandhi from?
Gujarat
Who is from the Jain heartland?
Gandhi
The typical occupation for one that practices Jainism is/are…
Merchants or capitalists
What percent of India is Islamic?
13.4%
Where is the second largest Muslim population concentrated?
The Indian Subcontinent
Which Islamic holiday marks the end of Ramadan?
Eid Al-Fitr
Which country has the largest Islamic concentration?
Indonesia
Which country has the second largest Islamic population?
India
Which country has the third largest Islamic population?
Pakistan
What three countries combined would create the largest Islamic Population in the world?
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
When was Islam founded?
632 AD
How did Islam take root in coastal areas of India?
Trade networks
The Hindu caste systems discourages against _________.
Intermarriage
The first Indian Muslims came from…
The Mappilas fishing community
What is the local language of the Mappilas?
Malayalam
What is the name of the wooden mosque in Mappilas?
Cheraman Masjid
What does Jama Masjid mean?
Central Mosque
Where is Tamil Nadu located?
South India
What is the language spoken in Tamil Nadu?
Tamil
Sufism is often portrayed as…
Unorthodox
Most South Asian Muslims are…
Sunni
Sunni Islam follows whose legal school?
Hanafi
Which city in the north has a large Shia Islam population? In the south?
North: Lucknow
South: Hyderabad
Which Christian disciple came to India?
Thomas
Which religion has adherents called Parsis?
Zoroastrianism
What is India’s fourth largest religion?
Sikhism
What percent of India’s population are Sikhists?
1.9%
Caste comes from which Portuguese word?
Casta meaning lineage or breed
In the caste system what is a Brahmin?
A priest
In the caste system what are Kshatriyas?
Warriors
In the caste system what is Vaishyas?
Farmer or trader
In the caste system what is Shudras?
Laborers
In the caste system, what were Dalits?
They are considered untouchables
Which application is more significant Varna or Jati?
Jati
How many caste groupings does Jati contain?
Thousands
How specific is the Jati caste system?
Occupation specific
When was the Indian census initiated?
1881
Raj means?
Rule, in this case British Rule
Which great empire’s decline allowed for British rule to enter India?
The Mughal Empire
Vijayanagara means what?
City of victory
Who ruled at the “city of victory”?
Sangama Kings
Where was the sultan located?
Delhi
Under who’s rule did Vijayanagara reach its height?
Devaraya II
What expansion of the Indian Empire took place during the 16th century?
The reign of Krishna Deva Raya
When did Krishna Deva Raya rule?
1509-1529
What were the names of Krishna Deva Raya’s competition?
Gajapatis and Bahmanis
Which three groups attacked Vijayanagara in the Battle of Talikota?
Golconda, Bijapur, Ahmadnagar
Which battle marked the end of Vijayanagara dominance in south India?
The Battle of Talikota
Vijayanagara had a very efficient _________________.
Land Revenue Collection System
What was the name of elite Vijayanagara warriors?
Nayakas
What was an important job of Nayakas?
Collecting taxes and divvying out land
Which ruins are now a Unesco world heritage sight?
Vijayanagara
What is a long term average weather pattern?
Climate
Variation in climate depends on what?
The amount of solar radiation that reaches Earth’s surface at a geographical location
Coastal region often with High humidity with little daily or seasonal fluctuations is characteristic of …
Maritime climates
Interior region of a land mass often with large daily or seasonal fluctuations is characteristic of…
Continental Climates
Moist, mild climates with tall, green vegetation often lie on which side of a given mountain range?
The windward or coastal side
A harsher, arid climate with drought tolerant vegetation would lie on which side of a given mountain range?
Inland or leeward side of the mountain
What is the phenomenon where a moist air mass travels up one side of a mountain as it cools and condenses, (causing precipitation), then the drier air mass travels down the opposite side of the mountain?
Orographic or Rain Shadow Effect
Spatial patterns in __________, and __________, drive differences in vegetation.
Temperature; precipitation
What drives daily and seasonal patterns in a climate?
Earth’s rotation on it’s axis and it’s revolution around the sun
Historical patterns over geological time scales have driven, what?
The evolution of organisms and ecosystems
What is the best known fluctuation in high and low pressure cells in the Earth’s atmosphere?
ENSO, or El Niño Southern Oscillation
El Niño causes _______________ in the northwest and Midwest, and _____________ from Mexico up into California.
Warmer drier winters; wetter, cooler than average winters
La Niña is the ____________ of El Niño.
Opposite
El Niño events occur every __________.
3-7 years
What provides physical support for plant growth, facilitates air, nutrient and water movement to plant roots, moderates temperature, and protects from toxins?
Soil
Chemical weather uses what devices in order to break down materials?
Water, oxygen, and acids
Mechanical weathering occurs when…
The parent material begins to break down
What is the breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones in order to add nutrients to the soil?
Decomposition
What are the classifications of soil particles?
Gravel, sand, silt, and clay
The process of roots taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide is known as…
Respiration
How is soil formed?
In the weathering and breaking down of parent material
Define parent material.
The underlying rock or mineral substrate
When do chemical and mechanical weathering happen in comparison?
At the same time
What tells us a lot about the composition of soil?
Color
Which color soil indicates iron oxides?
Reddish and yellow-brown soils
Which color soil indicates manganese oxides?
Soil with a purple hue
What compounds cause soil to appear white?
Quartz, gypsum, calcium carbonate, and magnesium carbonate
How many orders of soil are there?
12
What is soil texture?
The relative proportions of different-sized soil particles
What is the vertical layering and build up of soil over time referred to as?
Soil profile
In a soil profile what is the name of a layer?
A horizon
In a soil profile what is the surface layer referred to as?
O horizon
What layer is just below the O horizon and is commonly referred to as Top Soil?
A horizon
Which layer of soil is just below the A horizon and is commonly referred to as subsoil?
B horizon
Which layer of soil lies beneath the subsoil or the B horizon?
C horizon
In a soil profile what is the bedrock or parent material known as, and where is it located?
The R Horizon is located below the C horizon
What are the characteristic of Entisols?
Less developed and recent
