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AcDec 2015 > Social Science > Flashcards

Social Science Flashcards

1
Q

When did India win it’s independence?

A

1947

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2
Q

The borders in South East Asia are a result of….

A

The withdrawal of the British Empire after WWII

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3
Q

What is the world’s largest democracy?

A

India

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4
Q

What is the population of India?

A

1.2 billion

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5
Q

What is the population of Nepal?

A

31 million

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6
Q

What is the population of Bangladesh?

A

166 Million

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7
Q

What is the population of Bhutan?

A

734,000

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8
Q

What 7 nation states make up South East Asia?

A

India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Bhutan with island states such as Sri Lanka and the Maldives

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9
Q

What is the population of Sri Lanka?

A

22 million

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10
Q

What is the population of the Maldives?

A

394,000

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11
Q

What are the three geographic zones that the indian subcontinent is divided into?

A

Indo-Gangetic; Himalayan Mountains; and the Deccan Plateau

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12
Q

When was the Deccan Plateau formed?

A

Prehistoric times

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13
Q

The Deccan plateau is not a good place for …

A

Agriculture

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14
Q

The Deccan plateau is mostly composed of…

A

Granite

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15
Q

The Deccan plateau is kept from the coasts of India by…

A

The ghats

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16
Q

The ghats are made of …

A

Granite

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17
Q

Which two mountain ranges form a boundary in the a Northwest of India?

A

Kirthar and Sulaiman

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18
Q

Which plateau is just beyond the Himalayan mountains?

A

The Tibetan Plateau

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19
Q

The rich agrarian plain in India is the…

A

Indo-Gangetic Plain

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20
Q

What is the name of the land between the Yamuna River and the Ganges?

A

The doab

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21
Q

What is the name of the land where the five rivers run off?

A

Punjab

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22
Q

New Delhi, India’s capital lies along which River?

A

Yamuna River

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23
Q

What is the capital of Bangladesh?

A

Dhaka

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24
Q

How many yearly monsoons does India have?

A

Two

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25
Q

Monsoons carry rain from where?

A

Indian Ocean

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26
Q

When does the first monsoon begin?

A

June or July

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27
Q

The first monsoon goes in which direction?

A

West to east

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28
Q

The second monsoon goes in which direction?

A

East to west

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29
Q

Which city in India is an entrepôt?

A

Calicut

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30
Q

Before 1947 India was under control of who?

A

British Colonial Government

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31
Q

When did Bangladesh gain independence?

A

1971

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32
Q

What is the contemporary term used to describe the Indian subcontinent before 1947?

A

South Asia

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33
Q

Since 2007 which organization has added Afghanistan as a part of South Asia?

A

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

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34
Q

In what year did Bombay change to Mumbai?

A

1995

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35
Q

In 2001, what did Calcutta become?

A

Kolkata

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36
Q

Most recently Bangalore became ____________ in 2014.

A

Bengaluru

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37
Q

What is colonialism?

A

The rule of one group of people by another without complete permission or unequal, often exploitative, terms

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38
Q

In what phase of European Colonialism was India settled?

A

Commercial empires of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

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39
Q

In what century were colonial governments challenged?

A

Twentieth century

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40
Q

What is the basic unit of world governance?

A

A nation-state

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41
Q

What is the collective term for a group of people living in similar areas with similar cultural backgrounds?

A

Nation

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42
Q

What is a state?

A

A governing body of a nation or group of people

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43
Q

_______ are not political or economic units.

A

Nations

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44
Q

The borders of countries in which two continents were determined by continental powers?

A

Africa and Asia

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45
Q

India is both multi-__________ and multi-_________.

A

Ethnic; linguistic

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46
Q

When did the Battle of Plassey take place?

A

1757

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47
Q

Who did the Battle of Plassey bring to India?

A

Britain

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48
Q

When was the Indian National Congress founded?

A

1885

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49
Q

What are the two great modern empires in India?

A

Vijayanagara and the Mughal Empire

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50
Q

What percent of India’s population are Hindus?

A

80.5

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51
Q

What is the practice of Hindus worshipping deities in temples?

A

Darshan

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52
Q

Is Hinduism polytheistic or monotheistic?

A

Polytheistic

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53
Q

What are the two philosophical Vedas?

A

Ramayana and Mahabharata

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54
Q

Some (stupid) scholars argue that Hinduism was actually invented by who?

A

The British

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55
Q

In Hinduism Brahma is the _________.

A

Creator

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56
Q

In Hinduism Vishnu is who?

A

The protector

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57
Q

In Hinduism who is the destroyer?

A

Shiva

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58
Q

What percent of Indians worship Buddha?

A

0.8%

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59
Q

What percent of Indians practice Jainism?

A

0.4%

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60
Q

Which two religions were a critique of Hinduism?

A

Jainism and Buddhism

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61
Q

When was Indian emperor Ashoka born, and when did he die?

A

304-232 BCE

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62
Q

What does Ahimsa mean?

A

Non-violence

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63
Q

Who was the first person to convert to Buddhism?

A

Indian Emperor Ashoka

64
Q

During what time period did Buddhism die out in India?

A

Medieval Period

65
Q

Which religion has remained a continuos existence in India alongside Hinduism?

A

Jainism

66
Q

Both Jainism and Hinduism criticize what?

A

Karma and rebirth

67
Q

Buddhism says that the root of suffering is…

A

Desire

68
Q

Jainism encourages non-action and __________.

A

Asceticism

69
Q

Where is Gandhi from?

A

Gujarat

70
Q

Who is from the Jain heartland?

A

Gandhi

71
Q

The typical occupation for one that practices Jainism is/are…

A

Merchants or capitalists

72
Q

What percent of India is Islamic?

A

13.4%

73
Q

Where is the second largest Muslim population concentrated?

A

The Indian Subcontinent

74
Q

Which Islamic holiday marks the end of Ramadan?

A

Eid Al-Fitr

75
Q

Which country has the largest Islamic concentration?

A

Indonesia

76
Q

Which country has the second largest Islamic population?

A

India

77
Q

Which country has the third largest Islamic population?

A

Pakistan

78
Q

What three countries combined would create the largest Islamic Population in the world?

A

India, Pakistan, Bangladesh

79
Q

When was Islam founded?

A

632 AD

80
Q

How did Islam take root in coastal areas of India?

A

Trade networks

81
Q

The Hindu caste systems discourages against _________.

A

Intermarriage

82
Q

The first Indian Muslims came from…

A

The Mappilas fishing community

83
Q

What is the local language of the Mappilas?

A

Malayalam

84
Q

What is the name of the wooden mosque in Mappilas?

A

Cheraman Masjid

85
Q

What does Jama Masjid mean?

A

Central Mosque

86
Q

Where is Tamil Nadu located?

A

South India

87
Q

What is the language spoken in Tamil Nadu?

A

Tamil

88
Q

Sufism is often portrayed as…

A

Unorthodox

89
Q

Most South Asian Muslims are…

A

Sunni

90
Q

Sunni Islam follows whose legal school?

A

Hanafi

91
Q

Which city in the north has a large Shia Islam population? In the south?

A

North: Lucknow
South: Hyderabad

92
Q

Which Christian disciple came to India?

A

Thomas

93
Q

Which religion has adherents called Parsis?

A

Zoroastrianism

94
Q

What is India’s fourth largest religion?

A

Sikhism

95
Q

What percent of India’s population are Sikhists?

A

1.9%

96
Q

Caste comes from which Portuguese word?

A

Casta meaning lineage or breed

97
Q

In the caste system what is a Brahmin?

A

A priest

98
Q

In the caste system what are Kshatriyas?

A

Warriors

99
Q

In the caste system what is Vaishyas?

A

Farmer or trader

100
Q

In the caste system what is Shudras?

A

Laborers

101
Q

In the caste system, what were Dalits?

A

They are considered untouchables

102
Q

Which application is more significant Varna or Jati?

A

Jati

103
Q

How many caste groupings does Jati contain?

A

Thousands

104
Q

How specific is the Jati caste system?

A

Occupation specific

105
Q

When was the Indian census initiated?

A

1881

106
Q

Raj means?

A

Rule, in this case British Rule

107
Q

Which great empire’s decline allowed for British rule to enter India?

A

The Mughal Empire

108
Q

Vijayanagara means what?

A

City of victory

109
Q

Who ruled at the “city of victory”?

A

Sangama Kings

110
Q

Where was the sultan located?

A

Delhi

111
Q

Under who’s rule did Vijayanagara reach its height?

A

Devaraya II

112
Q

What expansion of the Indian Empire took place during the 16th century?

A

The reign of Krishna Deva Raya

113
Q

When did Krishna Deva Raya rule?

A

1509-1529

114
Q

What were the names of Krishna Deva Raya’s competition?

A

Gajapatis and Bahmanis

115
Q

Which three groups attacked Vijayanagara in the Battle of Talikota?

A

Golconda, Bijapur, Ahmadnagar

116
Q

Which battle marked the end of Vijayanagara dominance in south India?

A

The Battle of Talikota

117
Q

Vijayanagara had a very efficient _________________.

A

Land Revenue Collection System

118
Q

What was the name of elite Vijayanagara warriors?

A

Nayakas

119
Q

What was an important job of Nayakas?

A

Collecting taxes and divvying out land

120
Q

Which ruins are now a Unesco world heritage sight?

A

Vijayanagara

121
Q

What is a long term average weather pattern?

A

Climate

122
Q

Variation in climate depends on what?

A

The amount of solar radiation that reaches Earth’s surface at a geographical location

123
Q

Coastal region often with High humidity with little daily or seasonal fluctuations is characteristic of …

A

Maritime climates

124
Q

Interior region of a land mass often with large daily or seasonal fluctuations is characteristic of…

A

Continental Climates

125
Q

Moist, mild climates with tall, green vegetation often lie on which side of a given mountain range?

A

The windward or coastal side

126
Q

A harsher, arid climate with drought tolerant vegetation would lie on which side of a given mountain range?

A

Inland or leeward side of the mountain

127
Q

What is the phenomenon where a moist air mass travels up one side of a mountain as it cools and condenses, (causing precipitation), then the drier air mass travels down the opposite side of the mountain?

A

Orographic or Rain Shadow Effect

128
Q

Spatial patterns in __________, and __________, drive differences in vegetation.

A

Temperature; precipitation

129
Q

What drives daily and seasonal patterns in a climate?

A

Earth’s rotation on it’s axis and it’s revolution around the sun

130
Q

Historical patterns over geological time scales have driven, what?

A

The evolution of organisms and ecosystems

131
Q

What is the best known fluctuation in high and low pressure cells in the Earth’s atmosphere?

A

ENSO, or El Niño Southern Oscillation

132
Q

El Niño causes _______________ in the northwest and Midwest, and _____________ from Mexico up into California.

A

Warmer drier winters; wetter, cooler than average winters

133
Q

La Niña is the ____________ of El Niño.

A

Opposite

134
Q

El Niño events occur every __________.

A

3-7 years

135
Q

What provides physical support for plant growth, facilitates air, nutrient and water movement to plant roots, moderates temperature, and protects from toxins?

A

Soil

136
Q

Chemical weather uses what devices in order to break down materials?

A

Water, oxygen, and acids

137
Q

Mechanical weathering occurs when…

A

The parent material begins to break down

138
Q

What is the breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones in order to add nutrients to the soil?

A

Decomposition

139
Q

What are the classifications of soil particles?

A

Gravel, sand, silt, and clay

140
Q

The process of roots taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide is known as…

A

Respiration

141
Q

How is soil formed?

A

In the weathering and breaking down of parent material

142
Q

Define parent material.

A

The underlying rock or mineral substrate

143
Q

When do chemical and mechanical weathering happen in comparison?

A

At the same time

144
Q

What tells us a lot about the composition of soil?

A

Color

145
Q

Which color soil indicates iron oxides?

A

Reddish and yellow-brown soils

146
Q

Which color soil indicates manganese oxides?

A

Soil with a purple hue

147
Q

What compounds cause soil to appear white?

A

Quartz, gypsum, calcium carbonate, and magnesium carbonate

148
Q

How many orders of soil are there?

A

12

149
Q

What is soil texture?

A

The relative proportions of different-sized soil particles

150
Q

What is the vertical layering and build up of soil over time referred to as?

A

Soil profile

151
Q

In a soil profile what is the name of a layer?

A

A horizon

152
Q

In a soil profile what is the surface layer referred to as?

A

O horizon

153
Q

What layer is just below the O horizon and is commonly referred to as Top Soil?

A

A horizon

154
Q

Which layer of soil is just below the A horizon and is commonly referred to as subsoil?

A

B horizon

155
Q

Which layer of soil lies beneath the subsoil or the B horizon?

A

C horizon

156
Q

In a soil profile what is the bedrock or parent material known as, and where is it located?

A

The R Horizon is located below the C horizon

157
Q

What are the characteristic of Entisols?

A

Less developed and recent

AcDec 2015 (14 decks)

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