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AcDec 2015 > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

Biotic interactions are between two or more __________.

A

Living things

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2
Q

Abiotic relationships are interactions between one or more organisms and it’s ______________.

A

Surroundings

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3
Q

What are the levels of ecological organization?

A

Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

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4
Q

The original term for ecology was __________, originally used by German biologist Ernst Haeckel in 1866.

A

“Oekologie”

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5
Q

When did Ernst Haeckel live?

A

1834-1919

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6
Q

Who wrote the Origin of Species in 1859?

A

Charles Darwin

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7
Q

Ecology is closely connected to the theory of ___________.

A

Natural selection

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8
Q

What is the process by which individuals with better adapted heritable characteristics tend to survive and reproduce more successfully than other individuals with less adapted characteristics?

A

Natural selection

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9
Q

Environmental studies examines what?

A

Human impacts on physical, biological, and chemical processes

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10
Q

What social movement seeks to take steps to minimize human impacts on planet Earth?

A

Environmentalism

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11
Q

Individuals often compete with each other for limiting resources. What are these resources?

A

Light, water, food, and/or nutrients

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12
Q

What is a population?

A

A group of individuals of the same species that live in a particular area and interact with each other

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13
Q

What is the study of populations of organisms?

A

Population ecology

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14
Q

What is a community?

A

Two or more interacting populations within an area

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15
Q

What is the study of interactions among communities?

A

Community ecology

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16
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A community of of organisms and the abiotic environment in which they live

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17
Q

What are patch works of multiple communities and ecosystems?

A

Landscape

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18
Q

What is a biome?

A

A large scale region dominated by similar ecosystems

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19
Q

All of the world’s ecosystems together make up the _______________.

A

Biosphere

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20
Q

What is the order of the scientific method?

A

Ask a question, state a hypothesis, conduct an experiment, analyze the results, make a conclusion

21
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

An educated guess

22
Q

What is formed to collectively explain the results of a large number of experimental observations?

A

Theory

23
Q

What is ecology?

A

The scientific study of the relationship between organisms and their environment

24
Q

Describe Histosols.

A

Organic, deep organic matter, wet conditions

25
Q

Describe Andisols.

A

Volcanic, mild weathering

26
Q

Describe Gelisols.

A

Permafrost, very cold

27
Q

Describe Inceptisols.

A

Very little B Horizon development

28
Q

Describe Aridisols.

A

Dry, desert conditions

29
Q

Describe vertisols.

A

Swelling clay, high base, dry season

30
Q

Describe Alfisols.

A

Mildly acidic, clays, moist

31
Q

Describe Entisols.

A

Recent, less developed

32
Q

Describe Mollisols.

A

Soft, dark, semi arid to moist, grass lands

33
Q

Describe ultisols.

A

Strongly acidic, clays, wet, warm, acid silicate, and oxidizes

34
Q

Describe spodosols.

A

Spodic, cool, wet, sand, acid, coniferous forest

35
Q

Describe oxisols.

A

Oxides, wet, tropical ion activity, clays, extremely weathering, highly developed

36
Q

_______ is a critical component in all organisms.

A

Water

37
Q

What is surface runoff?

A

Overland flow of excess water

38
Q

Evapotranspiration is what?

A

The sum of the water lost from evaporation plus transpiration

39
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The movement of water through a plant

40
Q

The conversion of sunlight into carbon compounds is what?

A

Photosynthesis apparently

41
Q

What is the first step of photosynthesis?

A

Harvesting sunlight and transporting it

42
Q

What is the second step of photosynthesis?

A

Fixing carbon to generate carbohydrates

43
Q

What aspect of photosynthesis determines the supply of energy available to organisms?

A

The rate of photosynthesis

44
Q

What happens to deciduous trees?

A

They lose their leaves in the fall

45
Q

Community ecologists seek _________.

A

To find how interaction, species, and spatial arrangements make up an ecosystem

46
Q

The number of different species in a defined geographical area.

A

Species Richness

47
Q

The percentage that each individual species contributes to the environment.

A

Evenness

48
Q

Species diversity combines __________ and ___________

A

Species richness and relative abundance

AcDec 2015 (14 decks)

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