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AcDec 2015 > Indian Words-Music > Flashcards

Indian Words-Music Flashcards

1
Q

Alap

A

in Hindustani music, the first sec- tion of an instrumental and a dhrupad perfor- mance; it is non-composed and performed in free rhythm.

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2
Q

Anga

A

in Carnatic music, the term for groupings of beats in a tala cycle, which are marked by hand actions

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3
Q

Avartana/Avartan

A

a complete cycle of a tala

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4
Q

Barrel drum

A

The most common drum type in South Asia, see Dhol, Dholak, and mridangam

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5
Q

Baul

A

a sect centered in Bengal that draws from bhakti and Sufi thought; Bauls practice a unique genre of ecstatic song and dance.

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6
Q

Bhajan

A

a Hindu devotional song

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7
Q

Bhakti

A

Hindu devotion, expressed in poetry, song, and ritual as love, longing, and suffering in sep- aration from the divine

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8
Q

Bhangra

A

a dance and music genre that originated in rural Punjab; it later developed in the diaspora as an expression of South Asian youth culture

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9
Q

Carnatic

A

Classical music system of South India

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10
Q

Chautal

A

a fourteen-beat tala cycle of Hindustani music, used in the dhrupad genre

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11
Q

Chenda

A

a drum of Kerala, played in groups in temple and processional contexts

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12
Q

Chitravina

A

a concert instrument of Carnatic music; a fretless plucked instrument played like a slide guitar

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13
Q

Dhamal

A

a rhythm played on the dhol and performed in Sufi ritual contexts

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14
Q

Dhol

A

a large barrel-drum usually played with sticks, especially associated with Punjab

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15
Q

Dholak

A

the most common drum of rural North India, also used pan-regionally; a small barrel drum held horizontally and played with both hands

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16
Q

Dhrupad

A

a genre of Hindustani classical music traceable to the sixteenth century

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17
Q

Dotara

A

a plucked, fretless string instru- ment played by Baul musicians

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18
Q

Ektar

A

a single-stringed drone instrument of rural music

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19
Q

Gamaka

A

ornaments, such as slides and turns, used throughout a performance of a raga; also, one particular ornament in Hindustani music

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20
Q

Gat

A

in Hindustani music, the composed section of an instrumental performance

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21
Q

Gharana

A

in Hindustani music, “household”—the stylistic lineage in which one has learned

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22
Q

Ghazal

A

a genre of metered, rhyming poetry com- posed in a series of couplets; ghazal became an important genre of Urdu poetry; it is composed in other languages as well

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23
Q

Guru-shisya

A

teacher and disciple, from the Sanskrit language

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24
Q

Harmonium

A

a small hand-pumped organ used throughout South Asia and the diaspora

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25
Q

Hindustani

A

The classical music system of North India

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26
Q

Idakka

A

an hour-glass-shaped “pressure drum” played by specialists in Kerala, especially in temple contexts

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27
Q

Janaka, Janya

A

in Carnatic music, janaka are the seventy-two “parent” ragas; they are comprised of seven notes and are permutations The of the twelve svaras in the Carnatic system; there are an unlimited number of janya, “derived” ragas.

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28
Q

Kamaicha

A

a bowed instrument associated with Manganiar musicians of Western Rajasthan

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29
Q

Kanjira

A

in Carnatic music, a small frame drum, like a tambourine, held in the left hand and played with the right

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30
Q

Kartal

A

rod-shaped metal clappers com- mon in rural music in South Asia

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31
Q

Khyal

A

the predominant vocal genre of Hindustani music today

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32
Q

Kirtan

A

“praising,” a term for Hindu de- votional songs or chants

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33
Q

Kriti

A

a major genre of the Carnatic concert rep- ertoire, many of which were composed by the “Trinity” of eighteenth- and nineteenth-centu- ry composers; a kriti has a three-part structure: pallavi, anupallavi, charanam

34
Q

Langa

A

a hereditary group of music professionals of Western Rajasthan

35
Q

Mahabharata

A

Sanskrit epic of ancient India; the main story of a great war in- cludes many sub-stories which are told and re- told in theater, dance, and song

36
Q

Manganiar

A

a hereditary group of music professionals of Western Rajasthan

37
Q

Masala

A

“spicy,” refers to films in which various types of plots are mixed for mass appeal

38
Q

Matra

A

the term for a beat in the tala system

39
Q

Mehfil

A

Urdu for “gathering”; a session or assembly for listening to music or poetry

40
Q

Melisma

A

melody in which a number of pitches are sounded over a single syllable or instrumental stroke

41
Q

Mridangam

A

the preeminent drum of Carnatic concert music

42
Q

Mukhra

A

in Hindustani music, “face”— the phrase that begins the composition; it serves as an anchor between variations

43
Q

Natyashastra

A

a Sanskrit text on theater, dance, and music, dating from as early as the first century bce

44
Q

Nirgun Bhakti

A

devotion to a deity who is “without characteristics,” beyond description

45
Q

Pakhavaj

A

a barrel-drum used in the dhrupad genre of Hindustani music; it predates the tabla

46
Q

Pallavi, anupallavi, charanam

A

In Carnatic music the three sections of Kriti composition

47
Q

Pandit

A

an honorific term or title from the Sanskrit language, denoting scholar or master

48
Q

Qaida

A

an item of the tabla repertoire, meaning “foundation”; it is a pattern with a fixed set of strokes on which the player builds variations

49
Q

Qawwali

A

a genre of music performed by hereditary specialists, originally in Sufi ritual contexts; now, qawwali is performed in concert halls and is internationally known

50
Q

Raga

A

the melodies and the melodic system of Indian classical music

51
Q

RTP; Ragam-tanam-pallavi

A

the melodies and the melodic system of Indian classical music

52
Q

Sam

A

in Hindustani music, the first beat of the tala cycle and a central focal point of melodic lines

53
Q

Sama’

A

music performed in a Sufi ritual context; a ceremony of listening to music for attaining states of spiritual ecstasy; the Chishti Sufi order uses sama’ rituals

54
Q

Sangita Shastra

A

“music technical works”; the field of Indian music theory, espe- cially as preserved in Sanskrit texts

55
Q

Sangitaratnakara

A

a four- teenth-century Sanskrit music theory text, the premier text of the medieval period

56
Q

Sant

A

a person honored as knowing the spiritual truth, especially a spiritual teacher and compos- er of bhakti devotional poetry

57
Q

Saptaka

A

“consisting of seven,” an octave

58
Q

Sarangi

A

a bowed instrument of North India

59
Q

Sargam

A

in Hindustani music, the term for singing
while using the svara names

60
Q

Sarod

A

a prominent concert instrument of Hindu- stani music; a plucked string instrument, it has a wide neck without frets and a skin-covered body

61
Q

She’r

A

from Urdu, a couplet, a poem of two rhym- ing lines; a sequence of she’rs makes up a ghazal

62
Q

Shruti

A

in Indian music theory, microtonal divi- sions of the scale; in practical application, subtle nuance of a pitch, or the tonic pitch

63
Q

Sindhi Sarangi

A

a bowed instrument associated with Langa musicians of Western Rajasthan

64
Q

Sitar

A

a prominent concert instrument of Hindustani music; a plucked string instrument with a long fretted neck and gourd resonating body

65
Q

Sthai, antara

A

in Hindustani music, the two sections of a formal composition

66
Q

Svara

A

pitch; musical tone in Indian classical music; the seven svaras, are similar to the solfege, in that they are sung with syllables; the seven svaras are “Sa Re Ga Ma P Dha Ni.”

67
Q

Tabla

A

the predominant drum of North Indian classical music; a two-piece hand drum, it is used in various genres

68
Q

Tala

A

rhythmic cycles and the system of rhythmic cycles in Indian classical music

69
Q

Tambura

A

the string drone instrument of classical Indian music

70
Q

Tan

A

in Hindustani music, fast running improvisations, especially in khyal and instrumental music

71
Q

Theka

A

in Hindustani music, the fixed se- quence of drum strokes that express a tala cycle; the strokes are spoken as syllables

72
Q

Thumri

A

in Hindustani music, a genre of the “semi-classical” type; the poetry is in Hindi and is about love

73
Q

Tihai

A

in Hindustani music, a phrase repeated three times with a gap of equal duration between each repetition; it marks the end of a section or piece

74
Q

Tintal

A

a prominent Hindustani tala with sixteen beats in the cycle

75
Q

Tonic

A

the pitch from which a scale is built; in In- dian classical music, Sa

76
Q

Tumbi

A

a single-stringed instrument associated with bhangra music

77
Q

Ustad-Shagird

A

teacher or master and disciple in Urdu, from the Persian language

78
Q

Vibhag

A

in Hindustani music, the term for groupings of beats in a tala cycle, marked by hand actions

79
Q

Vistar

A

in Hindustani music, “expansion,” a flowing style of improvisation

80
Q

Yaman

A

a famous evening raga in Hindustani music

81
Q

Aditala

A

8 beat Carnatic tala

AcDec 2015 (14 decks)

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