social psychology Flashcards
social loafing and factors effecting it
people putting less effort when working in group rather than alone- depends on whether individual performance being monitored, whether members value the group: occurs more in ALL-MALE group and individualistic cultures
cognitive dissonance
2 views that can cause distress eg 1. I am a smoker 2. smoking causes cancer: can either change behaviour, or attitude (smoking may not cancer for all ppl)
asch experiment and conformity
participant in group of actors pretending to be participants- when the actors gave clearly wrong answers, the participitant often went along with their answer due to conformity (agreeing with everyone else)
factors affecting conformity
group size (larger groups= more conformity), presence of adissenter (1 person disagreeing reduces conformity), and culture (greater in collectivistic cultures)
miligram experiment and obedence
person given questions, and they get a shock everytime they are wrong, with the shocks getting more intense with more mistakes- there is an experimenter telling the participant to continue after each shock- study showed obedience DECREASED as the shocks became more intense
factors affecting obedience in experiment
remoteness of victim (if more alone, less likely to be obedient), closeness of the authority figure (the experimenter), and diffusion of responsibility (more obedient if someone else answers the questions), NOT to do with personal characteristics
groupthink vs group polarisation
tendency for members to stop critical thinking in order to seek agreement vs tendency to make more extreme decisions in a group compared to alone ie more judgemental of other ppl
factors affecting group think
when group under high stress, when there is high cohesiveness, when there’s a clear leader
bystander effect and darley and latane experiement
presence of multiple bystanders inhibiting each persons ability to help: ppl had an epileptic seizure in adjacent room, and if alone, person would help, but if with other ppl, few helped: those that didn’t help were stressed and guilty
5 step decision process as bystander
notice event, decide if event an emergency, assume responsibility, self efficacy, and decision to help
how to overcome bystander effect
reduce restraints on helping (increase responsibility), and socialise altruisim (teaching moral inclusion, modelling helping behaviour)
types of leadership
autocractic (all decisions from leader), democratic (decisions after discussion with group), laissez faire (leaves group to their own)
