clinical decision making+ behavioural change Flashcards
kahnemans two systems for decision making
hot system- emotional, simple, fast, often enhanced by stress: cold system- cognitive, complex, slow
confirmation bias
tendency to seek info that confirms persons pre=exisitng beliefs/hypothesis
sunk cost fallacy
the more costs we have invested in something, the more we are prepared to invest in the future eg if you have already spent so much money treating someone with a rare disease, you might as well spend more
representativeness heuristic with examples, including clinical example
idea that someone belongs to a certain class depending on how typical that class is, rather than actual probability eg an old man is more likely to be librarian rather than police officer, even though there are more officers than librarians, or a 60yr old women with atypical symptoms of MI- you think she doesn’t have MI, even though women of her age likely to have MI
availability heuristic with example
probability based on how easily they can remember things rather than actual probability eg ppl think natural disasters and car accidents are greater causes of death than eg stroke, as they are more easily remembered eg having missed a diagnosis of MI in previous patient, doctor overestimates risk of MI in next patient even though probability is low, as they remember it mor easily
how to improve decision making
education (learn about common errors in medical school), feedback (eg increased autopsies to learn), accountability (your decisions have greater consequences), generating alternatives (what else could it be), consultation (second opinions)
define health behaviour
any activity undertaken by someone who thinks he’s healthy, in order to prevent disease
DIAGRAM COMB-B model- behaviour change wheel inclduing difference between capability and opportunity
behaviour is affected by capability (physiological ie patients knowledge or physical capability), opportunity (person’s environment, either social ie ppl supporting person or physical ie financial issues) and motivation (either reflective ie perception of illness or automatic ie related to emotions): middle ring is then interventions to help this behavioural change to occur: outer ring is policies to help enforce these interventions
one technique of behaviour change- pro and cons
SELF-MONITORING- person keeps tract of their target behaviour, with additional info eg mood/weather recorder to overcome barriers- time consuming, but increases physical activity/ healthy eating
implementation intention with example
action plan, where you discuss situations with the patient where they are more likely to do something- eg are they more likely to take medication in the morning with their coffee- by planning in advance with this method, patient more likely to adhere to that activity eg take medication
