adherence, death+dying, and attention/perception Flashcards
define adherence
extent to which patients follow through decisions about medicine taking
consquences of non-adherence
poor health outcomes, increased healthcare costs, increased mortality, increased hospital admissions
factors influencing adherence
relates to COM-B model of interaction between capability, motivation and opportunity: factors include ILLNESS PERCEPTION (relates to motivation), BELIEFS OF medication (either concerns about its side effects, or about how necessary it is)
how to improve adherence
imporve understanding of illness/treatment (discuss neccessity of treatment), help patients plan and organise their treatment, and identify barriers/ concerns
kubler-ross’s theory of adjustment- DABDA
people reacting to terminal illnesses have 5 reactions- DENIAL (this isn’t happening, only temporary), ANGER (why me, think it’s unfair), BARGAINING (if get another chance, I can make things better- bargain with eg god, spouses), DEPRESSION, and ACCEPTANCE (work on ways to cope with loss)
5 myths of coping with loss (Wortman)
stages are prescriptive and put patients in a passive role- doesn’t account for variation in response ie patients respond differently- focuses on emotional response rather than congition+ behaviour- doesn’t consider social/environmental factor (person put in positive environment will respond better)- pathologises people who don’t go through stages
5 dimensions of illness representation (leventhal)
IDENTITY (i have a cold), CAUSE (because i felt run down), CONSEQUENCE (I can’t do sport now), TIMELINE (will last a week), CURABILITY (if i rest it will be fine)
define sensation vs perception
stimulus detection system, where our receptors translate stimuli into nerve impulses which are sent to brain vs processing the stimulus and giving it meaning
top-down vs bottom up processing
processing affected by existing knowledge eg experiences, expectation, culture vs individual elements combined to form a unified perception eg vibration of tympanic membrane combined with activation of auditory cortex
types of attention
focused attention (it’s the spotlights) vs divided attnetion (paying attention to multiple things)
factors affecting atention
stimulus factors- intensity (eg is it loud), novelty (is it new), movement, contrast and repetition: personal factors- motives eg hunger, interests, mood, arousal (are you awake), threats (is it scary)
cocktail party effect
you can focus attention on one persons voice despite other convos eg if they call out your name
disorder of perception
visual agnosia, where they can get around the world and see things, but they cannot IDENTIFY OBJECTS
