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Psychology 101 > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

social psychology

A

the scientific study of how a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by the real, imagined, or implied presence of others

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2
Q

social influence

A

the process through which the real or implied presence of others can directly or indirectly influence the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of an individual

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3
Q

conformity

A

changing one’s own behavior to match that of other people

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4
Q

groupthink

A

kind of thinking that occurs when people place importance on maintaining group cohesiveness than on assessing the facts of the problem with which the group is concerned

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5
Q

consumer psychology

A

branch of psychology that studies the habits of consumers in the marketplace

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6
Q

compliance

A

changing one’s behavior as a result of other people directing or asking for the change

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7
Q

foot-in-the-door technique

A

asking for a small commitment and, after gaining compliance, asking for a bigger commitment

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8
Q

door-in-the-face technique

A

asking for a large commitment and being refused and then asking for a smaller commitment

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9
Q

norm of reciprocity

A

assumption that if someone does something for a person, that person should do something for the other in return

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10
Q

lowball technique

A

getting a commitment from a person then raising the cost of that commitment

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11
Q

that’s-not-all technique

A

a sales technique in which the persuader makes an offer then adds something extra to make the offer look better before the target person can make a decision

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12
Q

obedience

A

changing one’s behavior at the command of an authority figure

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13
Q

norm of reciprocity

A

if someone does something for a person, the person should do something in return

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14
Q

group polarization

A

the tendency for members involved in a group discussion to take somewhat more extreme positions and suggest riskier actions when compared to individuals who have not participated in a group discussion

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15
Q

social facilitation

A

the tendency for the presence of other people to have a positive impact on the performance of an easy task

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16
Q

social impairment

A

the tendency for the presence of other people to have a negative impact on the performance of a difficult task

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17
Q

social loafing

A

the tendency for people to put less effort into a simple task when working with others on that task

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18
Q

attitude

A

a tendency to respond positively or negatively toward a certain person, object, idea, or situation

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19
Q

affective component

A

the way a person feels toward the object (emotional), poor predictors of behavior unless this is very strong/specific

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20
Q

behavior component

A

the action that a person takes in regard to the person, object, or situation

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21
Q

cognitive component

A

the way a person thinks about himself, an object, or a situation

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22
Q

milgram study

A

“teacher” administered what they thought were real shocks to the “learner”

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23
Q

characteristics of groupthink

A

invulnerability, rationalization, lack of introspection, stereotyping, pressure, lack of disagreement, self-deception, insularity

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24
Q

vicarious conditioning

A

watching the actions and reactions of others to ideas, people, objects, and situations.

25
Q

Persuasion

A

the process by which one person tries to change the belief, opinion, position, or course of action of another person through argument, pleading, or explanation.

26
Q

elaboration likelihood model

A

model of persuasion stating that people will either elaborate on the persuasive message or fail to elaborate on it and that the future actions of those who do elaborate are more predictable than those who do not

27
Q

central-route processing

A

type of information processing that involves attending to the content of the message itself

28
Q

peripheral-route processing

A

type of information processing that involves attending to factors not involved in the message, such as the appearance of the source of the message, the length of the message, and other noncontent factors

29
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

sense of discomfort or distress that occurs when a person’s behavior does not correspond to that person’s attitudes

30
Q

social cognition

A

the mental processes that people use to make sense of the social world around them

31
Q

impression formation

A

forming of the first knowledge that a person has concerning another person

32
Q

social categorization

A

the assignment of a person one has just met to a category based on characteristics the new person has in common with other people with whom one has had experience in the past

33
Q

stereotype

A

a set of characteristics that people believe is shared by all members of a particular social category

34
Q

implicit personality theory

A

sets of assumptions about how different types of people, personality traits, and actions are related to each other

35
Q

Schemas

A

-mental patterns that represent what a person believes about certain types of people. Schemas can become stereotypes

36
Q

attribution

A

the process of explaining one’s own behavior and the behavior of others

37
Q

attribution theory

A

the theory of how people make attributions

38
Q

situational cause

A

cause of behavior attributed to external factors, suchas delays. the actions of others, or some other aspect of the situation

39
Q

dispositional cause

A

cause of behavior attributed to internal factors such as personality or character

40
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

the tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors in determining behavior while underestimating situational factors

41
Q

prejudice

A

negative attitude held by a person about the members of a particular social group

42
Q

discrimination

A

treating people differently because of prejudice toward the social group to which they belong

43
Q

in-groups

A

social groups with whom a person identifies; “us

44
Q

out-groups

A

social groups with whom a person does not identify; “them”

45
Q

realistic conflict theory

A

theory stating that prejudice and discrimination will be increased between groups that are in conflict over a limited resource

46
Q

social cognitive theory

A

referring to the use of cognitive processes in relation to understanding the social world

47
Q

social identity theory

A

theory in which the formation of a person’s identity within a particular social group is explained by social categorization, social identity, and social comparison

48
Q

social identity

A

part of the self-concept including one’s view of self as a member of a particular social category

49
Q

social comparison

A

the comparison of oneself to others in ways that raise one’s self-esteem

50
Q

stereotype vulnerability

A

the effect that people’s awareness of the stereotypes associated with their social group has on their behavior

51
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

the tendency of one’s expectations to affect one’s behavior in such a way as to make the expectations more likely to occur

52
Q

equal status contact

A

contact between groups in which the groups have equal status with neither group having power over the other

53
Q

interpersonal attraction

A

linking or having the desire for a relationship with another person

54
Q

reciprocity of liking

A

the tendency of people to like other people who like them in return

55
Q

social role

A

pattern of behavior that is expected of a person who is in a particular social position

56
Q

prosocial behavior

A

socially desirable behavior that benefits others

57
Q

altruism

A

prosocial behavior that is done with no expectation of reward and may involve the risk of harm to oneself

58
Q

diffusion of responsibility

A

occurring when a person fails to take responsibility for actions or for inaction because of the presence of other people who are seen to share the responsibility

59
Q

bystander effect

A

referring to the effect that the presence of other people has on the decision to help or not to help, with help becoming less likely as the number of bystanders increases

Psychology 101 (7 decks)

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