Nervous System

Question 1

Nervous system

Answer 1

an extensive network of specialized cells that carry information to and from all parts of the body

Question 2

Neuron

Answer 2

basic cell that makes up the nervous system and which receives and sends messages within that system

Question 3

Dendrites

Answer 3

branch like structures that receive messages from other neurons

Question 4

Soma

Answer 4

cell body of the neuron, responsible for maintaining the life of the cell

Question 5

Axon

Answer 5

long tube-like structure that carries that neural message to other cells

Question 6

Myelin sheath

Answer 6

insulates, protects, and speeds up the neural impulse

Question 7

Nerves

Answer 7

bundles of axons that travel together through the body (cables)

Question 8

Glial cells

Answer 8

gray fatty cells that provide support for the neurons to grow on and around, deliver nutrients to neurons, produce myelin to coat axons

Question 9

Ogliodendrocytes

Answer 9

Found in central nervous systems

Question 10

Schwann cells

Answer 10

Found in peripheral nervous system

Question 11

Neurilemma

Answer 11

schwann’s membrane- lets the damaged nerve fibers repair themselves

Question 12

synapse

Answer 12

space between neurons

Question 13

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

Answer 13

neurotransmitter that causes the receiving cell to stop firing

Question 14

Excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 14

neurotransmitter that causes the receiving cell to fire

Question 15

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 15

Part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord

Question 16

Spinal cord

Answer 16

long bundle of neurons that carries messages to and from the body to the brain that is responsible for very fast, lifesaving reflexes

Question 17

Sensory/afferent neuron

Answer 17

carries information from the senses to the central nervous system

Question 18

Motor/efferent neuron

Answer 18

carries messages from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body

Question 19

Interneuron

Answer 19

found in the center of the spinal cord that receives information from the sensory neurons and sends commands to the muscles through the motor neurons, make up the bulk of the neurons in the brain

Question 20

The peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 20

All nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord but run through the body itself

Question 21

Somatic nervous system

Answer 21

division consisting of nerves that carrying information from the senses to the CNS and from the CNS and the voluntary muscles of the body

Question 22

Sensory pathway

Answer 22

nerves from sensory organs to CNS consisting of sensory/afferent neurons

Question 23

Motor pathway

Answer 23

nerves from CNS to voluntary muscles, consisting of motor/efferent neurons

Question 24

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 24

Nerves that control all of the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands

Question 25

Sympathetic division

Answer 25

Fight or flight system, reacting to stressful events and bodily arousal

Question 26

Parasympathetic division

Answer 26

Restores body to normal functioning after arousal and is responsible for the day to day functioning of the organs and glands

Question 27

Pineal gland

Answer 27

endocrine gland located near the base of the cerebrum that secretes melatonin

Question 28

Thyroid gland

Answer 28

found in the neck that regulates metabolism

Question 29

Pancreas

Answer 29

controls levels of sugar in the blood

Question 30

Adrenal glands

Answer 30

located on top of each kidney, secretes 30 different hormones to deal with stress, regulate salt intake, provide a secondary source of sex hormones affecting the sexual changes that occur during adolescence