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Psychology 101 > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

1
Q

Personality

A

the unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel and behave

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2
Q

Character

A

value judgments of a person’s moral and ethical behavior

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3
Q

Temperament

A

the enduring characteristics

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4
Q

Preconscious mind

A

level of the mind in which information is available but not currently conscious

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5
Q

Conscious mind

A

level of the mind that is aware of immediate surroundings and perceptions

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6
Q

Unconscious mind

A

level of the mind in which thoughts, feelings, memories, and other information are kept that are not easily or voluntarily brought into consciousness

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7
Q

Id

A

part of personality present at birth and completely unconscious

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8
Q

Libido

A

instinctual energy that may come into conflict with the demands of a society’s standards for behavior

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9
Q

Pleasure principle

A

principle by which the id functions; the immediate satisfaction of needs without regard for the consequences

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10
Q

Ego

A

part of the personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality, mostly conscious, rational, and logical

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11
Q

Reality principle

A

principle by which the ego functions; the satisfaction of the demands of the id only when negative consequences will not result

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12
Q

Superego

A

part of the personality that acts as a moral center

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13
Q

Ego ideal

A

part of the superego that contains the standards for moral behavior

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14
Q

Conscience

A

part of the superego that produces pride or guilt, depending on how well behavior matches or does not match the ego ideal

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15
Q

Defense mechanism

A

unconscious distortions of a person’s perception of reality that reduce stress and anxiety

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16
Q

Denial

A

psychological defense mechanism in which the person refuses to acknowledge or recognize a threatening situations

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17
Q

Repression

A

person refuses to consciously remember a threatening or unacceptable event, instead of pushing those events into the unconscious mind

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18
Q

Rationalization

A

person invents acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior

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19
Q

Projection

A

unacceptable or threatening impulses or feelings are seen as originating with someone else, usually the target of the impulses or feelings

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20
Q

Reaction formation

A

a person forms an opposite emotional or behavioral reaction to the way he or she really feels to keep those true feelings hidden from self and others

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21
Q

Displacement

A

redirecting feelings from a threatening target to a less threatening one

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22
Q

Regression

A

a person falls back on childlike patterns of responding in reaction to stressful situations

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23
Q

Identification

A

a person tries to become like someone else to deal with anxiety

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24
Q

Compensation (substitution)

A

a person makes up for inferiorities in one area by becoming superior in another area

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25
Sublimation
channeling socially unacceptable impulses and urges into socially acceptable behavior
26
Psychosexual stages
five stages of personality development proposed by Freud and tied to the sexual development of the child
27
Oral stage
first stage occurring in the first year of life in which the mouth is the erogenous zone and weaning is the primary conflict
28
Erogenous zone
zones that are sensitive to sex drive
29
Sex drive
creative drive to live, involving everything you do to live | Including pleasurable stuff like eating, drinking, sex
30
Oral fixation
putting things in your mouth
31
Anal stage
second stage occurring from about 1-3 years of age, in which the anus in the erogenous zone and toilet training is the source of conflict
32
Anal retentive personality
Over controls, OCD, orderly
33
Anal expulsive personality
Doesn't want to control, destructive
34
Phallic stage
the third stage occurring from about 3 to 6 years of age, in which the child discovers sexual feelings
35
Oedipus complex
Child might want someone like their parents | Resolution of complex is related to the defense mechanism of identification
36
Fixation
disorder in which the person does not fully resolve the conflict in a particular psychosexual stage, resulting in personality traits and behavior associated with that earlier stage
37
Latency
fourth stage occurring during school years, in which the sexual feelings of the child are repressed while the child develops in other ways
38
Genital
sexual feelings reawaken with appropriate target
39
Psychoanalysis
Freud's term for both the theory of personality and the therapy based on it
40
Personal unconscious
Jung's name for the unconscious mind as described by Freud
41
Collective unconscious
Jung's name for the memories shared by all members of the human species
42
Archetypes
Jung's collective, universal memories
43
Alfred adler
stressed the importance of overcoming feelings of inferiority
44
Karen horney
we are born into a world of bigger and more powerful older children and adults, so we experience basic anxiety
45
Erik erikson
social relationships, not sexual relationships
46
Behaviorism and personality
Behaviorists define personality as a set of learned responses or habits
47
Habits
sets of well-learned responses that have become automatic
48
Social cognitive theorists
emphasize the importance of both the influences of other people's behavior and of a person's own expectancies on learning
49
Social cognitive view
learning theory that includes cognitive processes such as anticipating, judging, memory, and imitation of models
50
Reciprocal determinism
Bandura's explanation of how the factors of environment, personal characteristics, and behavior can interact to determine future behavior
51
Self-efficacy
individual's perception of how effective a behavior will be in any particular circumstance (NOT the same as self-esteem)
52
Locus of control
the tendency for people to assume that they either have control or don't have control over events and consequences in their lives
53
Humanistic perspective
the "third force" in psychology that focuses on those aspects of personality that make people uniquely human, such as subjective feelings and freedom of choice
54
Self-actualizing tendency
the striving to fulfill one's innate capacities and capabilities
55
Self-concept
the image of oneself that develops from interactions with important, significant people in one's life
56
Real self
one's perception of actual characteristics, traits, and abilities
57
Ideal self
one's perception of whom one should be or would like to be
58
Positive regard
warmth, affection, love, and respect that come from significant others in one's life
59
Unconditional positive regard
positive regard that is given without conditions or strings attached
60
Conditional positive regard
positive regard that is given only when the person is doing what the providers of positive regard wish
61
Fully functioning person
a person who is in touch with and trusting of the deepest, innermost urges and feelings
62
Trait theories
theories that endeavor to describe the characteristics that make up human personality in an effort to predict future behavior
63
Trait
a consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling, or behaving
64
Surface traits
aspects of personality that can easily be seen by other people in the outward actions of a person
65
Source traits
the more basic traits that underlie the surface traits, forming the core of personality

Psychology 101 (7 decks)

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