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Psychology 101 > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality

A

the unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel and behave

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2
Q

Character

A

value judgments of a person’s moral and ethical behavior

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3
Q

Temperament

A

the enduring characteristics

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4
Q

Preconscious mind

A

level of the mind in which information is available but not currently conscious

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5
Q

Conscious mind

A

level of the mind that is aware of immediate surroundings and perceptions

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6
Q

Unconscious mind

A

level of the mind in which thoughts, feelings, memories, and other information are kept that are not easily or voluntarily brought into consciousness

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7
Q

Id

A

part of personality present at birth and completely unconscious

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8
Q

Libido

A

instinctual energy that may come into conflict with the demands of a society’s standards for behavior

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9
Q

Pleasure principle

A

principle by which the id functions; the immediate satisfaction of needs without regard for the consequences

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10
Q

Ego

A

part of the personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality, mostly conscious, rational, and logical

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11
Q

Reality principle

A

principle by which the ego functions; the satisfaction of the demands of the id only when negative consequences will not result

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12
Q

Superego

A

part of the personality that acts as a moral center

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13
Q

Ego ideal

A

part of the superego that contains the standards for moral behavior

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14
Q

Conscience

A

part of the superego that produces pride or guilt, depending on how well behavior matches or does not match the ego ideal

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15
Q

Defense mechanism

A

unconscious distortions of a person’s perception of reality that reduce stress and anxiety

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16
Q

Denial

A

psychological defense mechanism in which the person refuses to acknowledge or recognize a threatening situations

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17
Q

Repression

A

person refuses to consciously remember a threatening or unacceptable event, instead of pushing those events into the unconscious mind

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18
Q

Rationalization

A

person invents acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior

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19
Q

Projection

A

unacceptable or threatening impulses or feelings are seen as originating with someone else, usually the target of the impulses or feelings

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20
Q

Reaction formation

A

a person forms an opposite emotional or behavioral reaction to the way he or she really feels to keep those true feelings hidden from self and others

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21
Q

Displacement

A

redirecting feelings from a threatening target to a less threatening one

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22
Q

Regression

A

a person falls back on childlike patterns of responding in reaction to stressful situations

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23
Q

Identification

A

a person tries to become like someone else to deal with anxiety

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24
Q

Compensation (substitution)

A

a person makes up for inferiorities in one area by becoming superior in another area

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25
Q

Sublimation

A

channeling socially unacceptable impulses and urges into socially acceptable behavior

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26
Q

Psychosexual stages

A

five stages of personality development proposed by Freud and tied to the sexual development of the child

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27
Q

Oral stage

A

first stage occurring in the first year of life in which the mouth is the erogenous zone and weaning is the primary conflict

28
Q

Erogenous zone

A

zones that are sensitive to sex drive

29
Q

Sex drive

A

creative drive to live, involving everything you do to live

Including pleasurable stuff like eating, drinking, sex

30
Q

Oral fixation

A

putting things in your mouth

31
Q

Anal stage

A

second stage occurring from about 1-3 years of age, in which the anus in the erogenous zone and toilet training is the source of conflict

32
Q

Anal retentive personality

A

Over controls, OCD, orderly

33
Q

Anal expulsive personality

A

Doesn’t want to control, destructive

34
Q

Phallic stage

A

the third stage occurring from about 3 to 6 years of age, in which the child discovers sexual feelings

35
Q

Oedipus complex

A

Child might want someone like their parents

Resolution of complex is related to the defense mechanism of identification

36
Q

Fixation

A

disorder in which the person does not fully resolve the conflict in a particular psychosexual stage, resulting in personality traits and behavior associated with that earlier stage

37
Q

Latency

A

fourth stage occurring during school years, in which the sexual feelings of the child are repressed while the child develops in other ways

38
Q

Genital

A

sexual feelings reawaken with appropriate target

39
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Freud’s term for both the theory of personality and the therapy based on it

40
Q

Personal unconscious

A

Jung’s name for the unconscious mind as described by Freud

41
Q

Collective unconscious

A

Jung’s name for the memories shared by all members of the human species

42
Q

Archetypes

A

Jung’s collective, universal memories

43
Q

Alfred adler

A

stressed the importance of overcoming feelings of inferiority

44
Q

Karen horney

A

we are born into a world of bigger and more powerful older children and adults, so we experience basic anxiety

45
Q

Erik erikson

A

social relationships, not sexual relationships

46
Q

Behaviorism and personality

A

Behaviorists define personality as a set of learned responses or habits

47
Q

Habits

A

sets of well-learned responses that have become automatic

48
Q

Social cognitive theorists

A

emphasize the importance of both the influences of other people’s behavior and of a person’s own expectancies on learning

49
Q

Social cognitive view

A

learning theory that includes cognitive processes such as anticipating, judging, memory, and imitation of models

50
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

Bandura’s explanation of how the factors of environment, personal characteristics, and behavior can interact to determine future behavior

51
Q

Self-efficacy

A

individual’s perception of how effective a behavior will be in any particular circumstance (NOT the same as self-esteem)

52
Q

Locus of control

A

the tendency for people to assume that they either have control or don’t have control over events and consequences in their lives

53
Q

Humanistic perspective

A

the “third force” in psychology that focuses on those aspects of personality that make people uniquely human, such as subjective feelings and freedom of choice

54
Q

Self-actualizing tendency

A

the striving to fulfill one’s innate capacities and capabilities

55
Q

Self-concept

A

the image of oneself that develops from interactions with important, significant people in one’s life

56
Q

Real self

A

one’s perception of actual characteristics, traits, and abilities

57
Q

Ideal self

A

one’s perception of whom one should be or would like to be

58
Q

Positive regard

A

warmth, affection, love, and respect that come from significant others in one’s life

59
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

positive regard that is given without conditions or strings attached

60
Q

Conditional positive regard

A

positive regard that is given only when the person is doing what the providers of positive regard wish

61
Q

Fully functioning person

A

a person who is in touch with and trusting of the deepest, innermost urges and feelings

62
Q

Trait theories

A

theories that endeavor to describe the characteristics that make up human personality in an effort to predict future behavior

63
Q

Trait

A

a consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling, or behaving

64
Q

Surface traits

A

aspects of personality that can easily be seen by other people in the outward actions of a person

65
Q

Source traits

A

the more basic traits that underlie the surface traits, forming the core of personality

Psychology 101 (7 decks)

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