Social Psychology Flashcards
Scientific study of how we think about, about, influence, and relate to one another
Social psychology
Theory that we explain someone’s by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition
Attribution theory
The tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of the personal disposition
Fundamental attribution error
Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events
Attitude
Attitude change path in which interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts
Central route persuasion
Attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speakers attractiveness
Peripheral route persuasion
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
Foot in the door phenomenon
A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
Role
The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent.
Cognitive dissonance theory
Adjusting ones behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard
Conformity
Influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
Normative social inlfuence
Informational social influence influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality
Informational social influence
Stronger responses in simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
Social facilitation
The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
Social loafing
The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
Deindividuation
The enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group
Group polarization
The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
Groupthink
The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted form one generation to the next
Culture
An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior.
Norm
The buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies
Personal space
An unjustified attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action
Prejudice
A generalized(sometimes accurate but often over generalized) belief about a group of people
Stereotype
Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members
Discrimination
Us–people with whom we share a common identity
Ingroup
Them–those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup
Outgroup
The tendency to favor our own group
Ingroup bias
The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
Scapegoat theory
The tendency to recall faces of the ones race more accurately than faces of other races
Other race affect
The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
Just world phenomenon
Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
Aggression
The principle that frustration the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal–creates anger, which can generate aggression
Frustration aggression principle
He phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
Mere exposure effect
And arousal state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of the love relationship
Passionate love
The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined
Companionate love
A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
Equity
Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
Self-disclosure
Unselfish regard for the welfare of others
Altruism
The tendency for any given by sander to be less likely to give a other bystanders are present
Bystander effect
The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
Social exchange theory
And expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have help them
Reciprocity norm
An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them
Social-responsibility norm
A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
Conflict
A situation in which the conflict thing parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
Social trap
Mutual use often held by conflicting people, as when each side to see itself as ethical and peaceful and abuse the other side is evil and aggressive
Mirror image perceptions
A believe that leads to it’s own fulfillment
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Shared goals that override differences among people and require their Cooperration
Superordinate goals
Graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction–a strategy designed to decrease international tensions
GRIT
