Psychology's History and Approaches Flashcards
Empiricism
The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should,therefore, rely on observation and experimentation.
Structuralism
An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind
Functionalism
Encouraged explanations of down to earth emotions, memories, willpower, habits, and moment to moment streams of consciousness
Experimental psychology
Explore behavior and thinking with experiments
Behaviorism
The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes
Humanistic psychology
Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people in the individuals potential for personal growth
Cognitive Neuroscience
The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including, perception, thinking, memory, and language)
Psychology
The science of behavior and mental processes
Nature-Nurture Issue
The long-standing controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors
Natural Selection
The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
Levels of Analysis
The differing complementary views from biological to psychological to social culture for analyzing any given phenomenon
Biosychosocial Approach
An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social cultural levels of analysis
Biological Psychology
A branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior
Evolutionary Pyschology
The study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection
Psychodynamic Pyschology
A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders
Behavioral Psychology
The scientific study of observable behavior and it’s explanation by principles of learning
Cognitive Psychology
The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Social-Cultural Psychology
The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking
Psychometrics
The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits
Basic Research
Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
Developmental Psychology
A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the lifespan
Educational Psychology
The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning
Personality Psychology
The study of an individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Social Psychology
The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Applied research
Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
Industrial-Organizational Psychology
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
Human Factors Psychology
A branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use
Counseling Psychology
A branch of psychology that assist people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being
Clinical Psychology
A branch of psychology that studies assesses and treats people with psychological disorders
Psychiatry
A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who often provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy
SQ3R
Acronym for its 5 steps
Survey, Question, Read, Rehearse, Review
