Memory Flashcards
The persistence of learning overtime through the storage and retrieval of information
Memory
The processing of information into the memory system for example by extracting meaning
Encoding
The retention of encoded information overtime
Storage
The process of getting information out of memory storage
Retrieval
The immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Sensory memory
Activated memory that holds a few items in briefly such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten
Short term memory
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system includes knowledge skills and experiences
Long term memory
A newer understanding of short term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Working memory
The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously the brains natural mode of information processing for many functions including vision
Parallel processing
Unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well learned information such as word meanings
Automatic processing
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Effortful processing
Be conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Rehearsal
The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield a better long-term retention Ben is achieved through mast study or practice
Spacing affect
Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Serial position effect
The encoding of picture images
Visual encoding
The encoding of sound especially sound of words
Acoustic encoding
The encoding of meaning including the meaning of words
Semantic encoding
Memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Mnemonics
Mental pictures a powerful aid to effortful processing especially when combined with semantic encoding
Imagery
Organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically
Chunking
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Iconic memory
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sounds in words and still be recalled within three or four seconds
Echoic memory
An increase in a synapse firing potential after brief rapid stimulation. Believe to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Long term potentiation
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Flashbulb memory
The loss of memory
Amnesia
Retention independent of conscious reconnection
Implicit memory
A neural center that is located in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage
Hippo campus
Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare
Explicit memory
A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier as on a fill in the blank test
Recall
A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned as on a multiple-choice test
Recognition
A measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
Relearning
The activation often unconsciously of certain associations thus predisposing one’s perception memory or response
Priming
That Erie sense that I’ve experienced this before
Déjà vu
The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood
Mood congruent memory
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Proactive interference
In psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories from consciousness
Repression
The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Retroactive interference
Attribute into the wrong source any event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined. Along with the miss information effect it is at the heart of many false memories
Source amnesia
Incorporating miss leading information into one’s memory of an event
Misinformation effect
