Social psychology Flashcards
Social Group
2 or more people sharing common goals and interests interact and influence behavior of the other.
Norms
Either implicit or explicit rules that govern the behavior of group members.
In-Groups
Groups of which we belong and tend to favor.
Out-Groups
Groups to which we don’t belong, we tend to attribute negative qualities to out groups.
Roles
Social positions and defined behavior expectations in groups.
Social Loafing
The tendency of individuals to put less effort into group projects than when they are individually held accountable.
Deindividuation
Loss of self awareness and self restraint in situations that promote high arousal and anonymity in groups.
Social Facilitation
Improved performance of well learned tasks in front of others.
Group Polarization
Like minded people share ideas resulting in a more extreme position for every individual.
Altruism
The unselfish concern of one individual for the welfare of another.
Social Cognition
The way people gather, use, and interpret info about their social world.
Attribution Theory
A way to understand how people explain other’s behavior.
Dispositional Factors
Individual personality characteristics that affect a person’s behavior.
Situational Factors
Environmental stimuli that effect a person’s behavior.
Fundamental Attribution Error
Tendency when judging other’s behaviors to overestimate the role of personal factors and underestimate situational factors.
Self serving bias
To take personal credit for our own achievements and blame our failures on situational factors.
Self fulfilling prophecy
A tendency to let preconceived expectations influence one’s behavior this evoking those very expectations.
Actor observer bias
Tendency to attribute our behavior to situational factors and other’s behavior to dispositional factors.
Ethnocentrism
Belief that our culture or social group is superior to others.
Just world phenomenon
Tendency to believe in fairness, that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
Out group homogeneity
Belief that members of another group are more similar in their attitudes then they really are.
Contact Theory
If members of two opposing groups are brought together in an emergency situation, group cooperation will reduce prejudicial thinking.
Jigsaw Classroom
Students are dependent on one another in different groups to learn a lesson.
Conformity
The adoption of attitudes and behaviors shared by a particular group of people.
Compliance
Engaging in a particular behavior at another person’s request.
Reciprocity
Small gifts make others feel obligated to agree to a later request.
Mere exposer effect
Increased liking for a person or another stimulus resulting from repeated presentation.
Elaboration likelihood model
(ELM) attitudinal change through two routes; central or peripheral.
Central route of persuasion
Relatively stable change by carefully scrutinizing facts, statistics, and other info.
Peripheral route of persuasion
Pairs superficial positive factors (celebrity) with an argument leading to less stable change in attitudes.
Informational social influence
Accepting other’s opinions about reality, especially under conditions of uncertainty.
Normative social influence
Going along with the decisions of a group in order to gain its social approval.
Aggression
The intention to do harm to others.
Instrumental Aggression
Aggression to achieve some goal.
Hostile Aggression
Aggression to inflict pain upon someone else.
Social psychology
Study of how groups influence individual’s attitudes and behavior.
