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Social Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Attribution

A

Inferences people make about the causes of events and behavior

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2
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

The tendency to attribute others behavior to personality traits, abilities and feelings (internal factors)

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3
Q

Self serving bias (actor observer bias)

A

Tendency to attribute successes to dispositional factors and failures to situational factors

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4
Q

Central route to persuasion

A

Involves deeply processing the content of the message (logistics and statistics)

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5
Q

Peripheral route to persuasion

A

Other aspects of the message including the characteristics of the person imparting the message (attractiveness of the spokesperson)

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6
Q

Best routes to persuasion

A

A two sided argument, emotional message, expert messenger and do good feel good phenomenon

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7
Q

Attitudes

A

Belief based feelings

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8
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

The more one is exposed to something, the more likely one will come to like it

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9
Q

Relationship between attitudes and behaviors

A

I———————>

Attitudes Behaviors

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10
Q

Foot in the door phenomenon

A

People are more likely to agree with something large when they are first presented with something small

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11
Q

Door in the face phenomenon

A

Tendency for people who say no to a large request will comply with a smaller one

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12
Q

Phil Zimbardos prison study

A

Stanford prison experiment

Study showed that people will conform to the social roles they are expected to play

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13
Q

Leon Festingers cognitive dissonance theory

A

People change their attitudes when they realize thoughts or cognitions they hold are not consistent this conflict creates dissonance or psychological discomfort

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14
Q

Chameleon effect

A

Non-consciously imitate others body position (might show empathy)

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15
Q

Mood linkage

A

People non-consciously imitate others emotions

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16
Q

Social psychology

A

Influence of real, imagined or implied presence of others

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17
Q

Normative social influence

A

Conform due to fear of being judged by peers- avoid rejection and gain approval

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18
Q

Informational social influence

A

If we are unsure of what is right, and if being correct matters, we are very receptive to others opinions

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19
Q

Stanley Milgrams obedience study

A

Teacher (true subject), learned (confederate), experimenter (confederate)

Demonstrated compliance with an authority figure

63% of teachers “killed” learner with little prompting

93% “killed” learner when they were instructing someone else to administer the shocks

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20
Q

Social facilitation

A

People good at a task will perform better when people are watching

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21
Q

Social inhibition

A

People bad at a task will preform worse when being watched

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22
Q

Social loafing

A

When in a group, people exert less effort

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23
Q

Deindividuation

A

People get swept up in a group and lose sense of self

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24
Q

Group polarization

A

Groups tend to make more extreme decisions than each individual

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25
Group think
Group member suppress their reservations about the ideas supported by the group Bay of pigs: (1961) failed military invasion of Cuba Jonestown: about a thousand commuted suicide by cool aid with cyanide
26
Culture
The behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group and transmitted through generations
27
Norms
Rules that govern the members of a group behaviors
28
Prejudice
Preconceived opinion that is not based on an actual experience
29
Stereotype
Fixed, oversimplified and widely held idea about a particular type of person or thing
30
Discrimination
Unjust and prejudicial treatment of a type of person or thing
31
In group bias
Tendency to favor ones own group
32
Ethnocentrism
Judging another's culture Ailey on standards of ones own culture
33
Scapegoat theory
Using a group as a target for all anger
34
Other race effect
It is easier for people to detect those of their own race
35
Vivid cases
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory
36
Just world phenomenon
"Blame the victim" Tendency for pekoe to believe the world is just and people get what they deserve
37
Aggression
Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone
38
Instrumental aggression
When the act is intended to secure a particular ending
39
Hostile aggression
No particular purpose (biological)
40
Biological causes of aggression
Genetics: Y chromosome increases aggression, monoamine oxidase A (warrior gene) Neural influence: amygdala (deep brain stimulation), lack of activity in orbital cortex Biochemical: testosterone
41
Psychological causes of aggression
Averse events Environmental factors can lead to increased aggression (bad odors)
42
Behaviorists, aggression
Aggression can be learned but it is difficult to be changed once it is learned Aggression is rewarded through conditioning Modeling violence and observational learning (bobo)
43
Frustration-aggression principle
Being blocked from completing a goal leads to react with higher levels of aggression
44
Social causes of aggression
Observed aggression = desensitized to violence by watching television Social scripts = the media portrays social scripts and generates mental tapes in the mind of the viewers Video gaming and aggressiveness = various studies show that aggressive video games lead to more angry behavior
45
Social trap
The conflicting parties, by rationally Pershing their self interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
46
Proximity, attraction
Geographical closeness
47
Physical attractiveness, attraction
Primarily determines attraction Facial symmetry Equal levels of attraction
48
Similarity, attraction
Pick partners that are similar to themselves Opposites do not attract
49
Reciprocal liking
One is more likely to like someone who likes them
50
Liking through association
Classical conditioning can play a part in attraction
51
Two factor theory, love
1. Physical arousal plus cognitive appraisal | 2. Arousal from any source can enhance ones emotion depending upon what we interpret as or label arousal
52
Passionate love vs compassionate love
Passionate love= dating Compassionate love= marriage (deeper, more affectionate attachment)
53
Equity
The give and take, receive equal love, share resources of the relationship
54
Self-disclosure
Revealing intimate details to one another strengthens bonds
55
Altruism
Unselfish regard for the welfare of others Kitty Genovese: 38 witnesses and no one helped
56
Bystander effect
Tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if others are present
57
Social exchange theory
Weighing the rewards and coats of helping We maintain relationships with physically attractive people and people who like us because of this theory Cost-benefit analysis
58
Reciprocity norm
We have been socialized (taught) to give as much as we receive
59
Social responsibility norm
We have been taught to help those who don't have the ability to help
60
Sherifs Robbers cave experiment
Realistic conflict theory (interception conflict) Inter group hostility can arise from competition over limited resources
61
Superordinate goals
Shared goals that override differences among people and require cooperation
62
Graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension (GRIT)
A strategy designed the decrease international tensions
63
Fritz Heiders attribution theory
How we explain someone's behaviors in terms of dispositional (personality) or situational factors Stable: dispositional Unstable: situational

AP Psychology (6 decks)

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