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AP Psychology > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Attribution

A

Inferences people make about the causes of events and behavior

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2
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

The tendency to attribute others behavior to personality traits, abilities and feelings (internal factors)

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3
Q

Self serving bias (actor observer bias)

A

Tendency to attribute successes to dispositional factors and failures to situational factors

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4
Q

Central route to persuasion

A

Involves deeply processing the content of the message (logistics and statistics)

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5
Q

Peripheral route to persuasion

A

Other aspects of the message including the characteristics of the person imparting the message (attractiveness of the spokesperson)

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6
Q

Best routes to persuasion

A

A two sided argument, emotional message, expert messenger and do good feel good phenomenon

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7
Q

Attitudes

A

Belief based feelings

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8
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

The more one is exposed to something, the more likely one will come to like it

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9
Q

Relationship between attitudes and behaviors

A

I———————>

Attitudes Behaviors

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10
Q

Foot in the door phenomenon

A

People are more likely to agree with something large when they are first presented with something small

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11
Q

Door in the face phenomenon

A

Tendency for people who say no to a large request will comply with a smaller one

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12
Q

Phil Zimbardos prison study

A

Stanford prison experiment

Study showed that people will conform to the social roles they are expected to play

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13
Q

Leon Festingers cognitive dissonance theory

A

People change their attitudes when they realize thoughts or cognitions they hold are not consistent this conflict creates dissonance or psychological discomfort

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14
Q

Chameleon effect

A

Non-consciously imitate others body position (might show empathy)

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15
Q

Mood linkage

A

People non-consciously imitate others emotions

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16
Q

Social psychology

A

Influence of real, imagined or implied presence of others

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17
Q

Normative social influence

A

Conform due to fear of being judged by peers- avoid rejection and gain approval

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18
Q

Informational social influence

A

If we are unsure of what is right, and if being correct matters, we are very receptive to others opinions

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19
Q

Stanley Milgrams obedience study

A

Teacher (true subject), learned (confederate), experimenter (confederate)

Demonstrated compliance with an authority figure

63% of teachers “killed” learner with little prompting

93% “killed” learner when they were instructing someone else to administer the shocks

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20
Q

Social facilitation

A

People good at a task will perform better when people are watching

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21
Q

Social inhibition

A

People bad at a task will preform worse when being watched

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22
Q

Social loafing

A

When in a group, people exert less effort

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23
Q

Deindividuation

A

People get swept up in a group and lose sense of self

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24
Q

Group polarization

A

Groups tend to make more extreme decisions than each individual

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25
Q

Group think

A

Group member suppress their reservations about the ideas supported by the group

Bay of pigs: (1961) failed military invasion of Cuba

Jonestown: about a thousand commuted suicide by cool aid with cyanide

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26
Q

Culture

A

The behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group and transmitted through generations

27
Q

Norms

A

Rules that govern the members of a group behaviors

28
Q

Prejudice

A

Preconceived opinion that is not based on an actual experience

29
Q

Stereotype

A

Fixed, oversimplified and widely held idea about a particular type of person or thing

30
Q

Discrimination

A

Unjust and prejudicial treatment of a type of person or thing

31
Q

In group bias

A

Tendency to favor ones own group

32
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Judging another’s culture Ailey on standards of ones own culture

33
Q

Scapegoat theory

A

Using a group as a target for all anger

34
Q

Other race effect

A

It is easier for people to detect those of their own race

35
Q

Vivid cases

A

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory

36
Q

Just world phenomenon

A

“Blame the victim”

Tendency for pekoe to believe the world is just and people get what they deserve

37
Q

Aggression

A

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone

38
Q

Instrumental aggression

A

When the act is intended to secure a particular ending

39
Q

Hostile aggression

A

No particular purpose (biological)

40
Q

Biological causes of aggression

A

Genetics: Y chromosome increases aggression, monoamine oxidase A (warrior gene)

Neural influence: amygdala (deep brain stimulation), lack of activity in orbital cortex

Biochemical: testosterone

41
Q

Psychological causes of aggression

A

Averse events

Environmental factors can lead to increased aggression (bad odors)

42
Q

Behaviorists, aggression

A

Aggression can be learned but it is difficult to be changed once it is learned

Aggression is rewarded through conditioning

Modeling violence and observational learning (bobo)

43
Q

Frustration-aggression principle

A

Being blocked from completing a goal leads to react with higher levels of aggression

44
Q

Social causes of aggression

A

Observed aggression = desensitized to violence by watching television

Social scripts = the media portrays social scripts and generates mental tapes in the mind of the viewers

Video gaming and aggressiveness = various studies show that aggressive video games lead to more angry behavior

45
Q

Social trap

A

The conflicting parties, by rationally Pershing their self interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

46
Q

Proximity, attraction

A

Geographical closeness

47
Q

Physical attractiveness, attraction

A

Primarily determines attraction

Facial symmetry

Equal levels of attraction

48
Q

Similarity, attraction

A

Pick partners that are similar to themselves

Opposites do not attract

49
Q

Reciprocal liking

A

One is more likely to like someone who likes them

50
Q

Liking through association

A

Classical conditioning can play a part in attraction

51
Q

Two factor theory, love

A
  1. Physical arousal plus cognitive appraisal

2. Arousal from any source can enhance ones emotion depending upon what we interpret as or label arousal

52
Q

Passionate love vs compassionate love

A

Passionate love= dating

Compassionate love= marriage (deeper, more affectionate attachment)

53
Q

Equity

A

The give and take, receive equal love, share resources of the relationship

54
Q

Self-disclosure

A

Revealing intimate details to one another strengthens bonds

55
Q

Altruism

A

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Kitty Genovese: 38 witnesses and no one helped

56
Q

Bystander effect

A

Tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if others are present

57
Q

Social exchange theory

A

Weighing the rewards and coats of helping

We maintain relationships with physically attractive people and people who like us because of this theory

Cost-benefit analysis

58
Q

Reciprocity norm

A

We have been socialized (taught) to give as much as we receive

59
Q

Social responsibility norm

A

We have been taught to help those who don’t have the ability to help

60
Q

Sherifs Robbers cave experiment

A

Realistic conflict theory (interception conflict)

Inter group hostility can arise from competition over limited resources

61
Q

Superordinate goals

A

Shared goals that override differences among people and require cooperation

62
Q

Graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension (GRIT)

A

A strategy designed the decrease international tensions

63
Q

Fritz Heiders attribution theory

A

How we explain someone’s behaviors in terms of dispositional (personality) or situational factors

Stable: dispositional
Unstable: situational

AP Psychology (6 decks)

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