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AP Psychology > Myers Abnormal Psychology > Flashcards

Myers Abnormal Psychology Flashcards

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0
Q

Elizabeth Cochran

A

Went undercover as Nellie Bly and discovered poor conditions in mental hospitals

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1
Q

3 Ds of psychological disorders

A

Deviant
Distressful
Dysfunctional

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2
Q

David Rosenhan

A

Sent in pseudo patients (1973)

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3
Q

Medical model

A

Psychological disorders have physiological causes

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4
Q

Biopsychosocial approach to mental disorders

A

Most accepted today

Bio
Psych
Soc-cul

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5
Q

DSM-V

A

(2013)

Goals: Identify, classify and determine prevalence.

Doesn’t discuss treatment

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6
Q

Neurotic vs psychotic

A

Neurotic: distressing, still able to function.

Psychotic: loses contact with reality.

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7
Q

What is the new term for childhood bipolar disorder?

A

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

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8
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

Advocates for human treatment in American mental hospitals

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9
Q

Pros and cons of labeling

A

Pros: discern treatment

Cons: self fulfilling prophecy

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10
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

Obsessions: unwanted reoccurring thoughts or ideas.

Compulsions: repetitive behaviors.

GABA, glucose levels in frontal lobe.

  • body dysmorphia
  • hoarding
  • trichitillomania
  • excoriation (skin picking)
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11
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

Excessive or unrealistic worry about life circumstances (lasting 6 months or more)

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12
Q

Panic disorder

A

Marked by unpredictable minute(s) long episodes of intense dread.

Chest pains, chocking, terror.

Fight or flight response.

Can be caused by persistent stress or previous psychological trauma. May be a genetic predisposition.

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13
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear or avoidance of situations, where one has felt loss of control and panic.

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14
Q

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A

Involves persistent feelings of anxiety that are caused by traumatic experience.

This was added to the DSM after the Vietnam war.

Previously called “shell shock” or “battle fatigue”

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15
Q

Post traumatic growth

A

Positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crisis.

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16
Q

Anxiety

A

General state of dread or uneasiness that occurs in response to a vague or imagined fear

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17
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

Intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such.

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18
Q

Phobias

A

Persistent, irrational fears of specific objects, activities or situations.

Leads to avoidance behavior.

19
Q

Learning and biological perspective regarding anxiety disorders

A

Learning (behavioral) perspective: John B. Watson, stimulus generalization, anxiety is solidified through reinforcement. Observational learning.

Biological perspective: natural selection. Too much or too little of certain neurotransmitters.

20
Q

Where in the brain of people with anxiety show overarousal?

A

Areas that deal with impulse control and habitual behaviors

21
Q

Dissociative disorders

A

Dissociative disorders: conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts and feelings.

22
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities.

23
Q

Somataform disorders

A

Psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause.

24
Q

Conversion disorder

A

A rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no psychological basis can be found.

25
Q

Hypochondriasis

A

Person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

26
Q

Mania

A

A mood disorder marked by a hyper active, wildly optimistic state.

27
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Five signs of depression for at least two weeks

28
Q

Mood disorders

A

Characterized by emotional extremes and challenges in regulating mood.

29
Q

Bipolar disorders

A

Periods of depression and mania.

May hear voices and experience hallucinations and delusions.

Bipolar I: (most extreme) one or more manic or mixed episode.

Bipolar II: (less extreme) highs that are never more severe than hypomania, major depressive episodes.

Cyclothemic: (least extreme) frequent episodes of hypomania and mild depression over a two year period.

30
Q

Brain chemistry during manic and depressive states

A

Norepinephrine is severely lacking during a depressive state and highly active during manic episodes.

Low serotonin levels are present during depressive states.

31
Q

Dysthymic disorder

A

Suffering from mild depression everyday for at least two years- lies between blue mood and major depressive disorder.

32
Q

Suicide

A

More suicide is committed during manic episodes.

White people are two times more likely than black.

More women attempt suicide, more men commit suicide.

Suicide rates have doubled within the last 40 years.

More likely to commit suicide: rich, single/divorced, white, non religious and teens/elderly.

33
Q

Vicious cycle of depression

A
  1. Stressful experiences
  2. Negative explanatory style
  3. Depressed mood
  4. Cognitive and behavioral changes
34
Q

Rates of depression in twins

A

Fraternal: 20%
Identical: 50%

35
Q

Schizophrenia

A
  • complex spectrum of disorders
  • psychosis
  • 2 million in US and 24 million around the world
  • break down in selective attention
36
Q

Positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Positive: present inappropriate symptoms (dopamine)

Negative: missing appropriate symptoms (generics)

37
Q

Chronic/process schizophrenia

A

Symptoms develop gradually as a result of social inadequacy, recovery is unlikely.

38
Q

Acute/reactive schizophrenia

A

Symptoms develop suddenly because of stress, tend to respond to drug therapy.

39
Q

Ten subtypes of schizophrenia

A
  1. Paranoid: Preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations.
  2. Catatonic: flat effect, waxy flexibility, repetition.
  3. Undifferentiated: many and varied symptoms.
  4. Disorganized: disorganized speech, behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotions.
  5. Residual: withdrawal following long stage of hallucinations.
  6. Delusional disorder
  7. Brief psychotic disorder
  8. Schizoaffective disorder
  9. Schizophreniform disorder
  10. Substance/medication induces psychotic disorder
40
Q

Causes of schizophrenia

A

Psychoanalytic: Overwhelmed id

Biological: too much dopamine, low frontal lobe activity, genetics, maternal virus.

Environmental: (diathesis model- stress could bring out on set schizophrenia.)

41
Q

Personality disorders

A

Marked by inflexible, disruptive and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

42
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

Exhibits a lack of conscience for wrong doing.

43
Q

Sociopathy-Psychopathy

A

Typically male.
Usually discovered before age 15.

Biological:

44
Q

Cluster A personality disorders

A

Odd or eccentric personality characteristics.

  1. Paranoid
  2. Schizoid: avoid relationships.
  3. Schizotypal
45
Q

Cluster B personality disorders

A

Dramatic, emotional or impulsive personality characteristics.

  1. Narcissistic
  2. Histrionic: center of attention.
  3. Antisocial: psychopathy and sociopathy.
  4. Borderline: learned behaviors and emotional responses to traumatic or neglectful environments.
46
Q

Cluster C personality disorders

A

Anxious, fearful or avoidant personality characteristics.

  1. Avoidant
  2. Dependent
  3. Obsessive-Compulsive

AP Psychology (6 decks)

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