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AP Psychology > Myers Personality Psychology > Flashcards

Myers Personality Psychology Flashcards

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0
Q

Free association

A

A type of therapy in which the patient says what ever comes to mind (central process in psychoanalysis)

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1
Q

What is freuds theory of personality?

A

Psychoanalysis

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2
Q

Ego

A

Reality principle

Strongest in healthy people

Found in conscious

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3
Q

Superego

A

Internalized set of ideals

Moral principle

Is found in unconscious, preconscious and conscious

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4
Q

Id

A

Operates on the pleasure principle

Found in unconscious

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5
Q

5 stages of personality development according to Freud

A
  1. Oral: birth-1.5. Sucking, feeding, noises. Weaning.
  2. Anal: 1.5-3. Bowel and bladder control. Toilet training.
  3. Phallic: 3-6. Genitals. Sexual awareness.
  4. Latency: 6-puberty. Social skills, intellectual skills, dormant period in stages. School, play, same sex friendships.
  5. Genital: puberty- death. Sexual behavior. Sexual relationship with a partner.
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6
Q

Identification

A

Child adopts the characteristics of one of the parents (typically same-sex)

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7
Q

Fixation

A

When someone is “stuck” in one of the freuds psychosexual stages of development

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8
Q

Libido

A

Sexual energy that centers in on a part of the body in each stage

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9
Q

Oedipus complex

A

A boys sexual desire for his mother and feels threatened by father

Occurs during phallic stage

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10
Q

Electra complex

A

A girls sexual desire for her father

Occurs during the phallic stage

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11
Q

Denial

A

Defense mechanism where the person convinces them self the event didn’t occur

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12
Q

Regression

A

Reversion back to a previous stage in development do to overwhelming thoughts or impulses

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13
Q

Projection

A

Putting own impulses on others

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14
Q

Reaction formation

A

Who switches unacceptable impulses to their opposite

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15
Q

Repression

A

Push or banish anxiety driven thoughts deep into unconscious

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16
Q

Displacement

A

Redirecting thoughts on to an object or animal

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17
Q

Rationalization

A

Excuses

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18
Q

Alfred Adler

A

(Neo-Freudian)

Inferiority complex

Birth-order theory

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19
Q

Carl Jung

A

(Neo-Freudian)

Collective unconscious

Archetypes

Extraversion

Developed archetypes for Myers-Briggs test

Introversion

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20
Q

Karen Horney

A

No penis envy

All men have womb envy

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21
Q

Rorschach

A

Ink blot

Most used

22
Q

TAT (Thematic apperception test)

A

Create a storyline through picture interpretation

23
Q

False consensus effect

A

Cognitive bias whereby the person overestimated the extent of their beliefs/opinions (typically of others)

24
Q

Terror management theory

A

the idea that because we are unconsciously afraid of death, we seek out to enhance our self esteem

25
Q

Abraham Maslow’s self-actualization

A

Self-actualization: the desire for self fulfillment

  • creativity
  • enlightenment
  • pursuit of knowledge
  • desire to give society examples of self actualization
26
Q

Gordon Allport

A

Allport: listed 200 traits believed to be part of the nervous system

27
Q

Trait

A

A consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling or behaving

28
Q

Hippocrates 4 humors

A

Blood
Black bile
Yellow bile
Phlegm

29
Q

Hans Eysenck

A

Eysencks suggested that personality could be reduced down to two dimensions: extraversion - introversion and emotional stability - instability

30
Q

Trait theories

A

Describe characteristics for the purpose of prediction

31
Q

Trait theory of personality

A

A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, ass assessed by self-report inventories and observations

32
Q

Cattell

A

Reduced number of traits to 12-23

33
Q

Factor analysis

A

A statistical procedure that clusters items together from different tests or inventories that are related to one another

34
Q

Big Five Factors of personality by Costa and McCrae

A 
O- openness to experience
C- conscientiousness
E- extraversion
A- agreeableness 
N- neuroticism, emotional stability
35
Q

Barnum effect

A

People tend to see themselves in vague, stock descriptions of personality

How psychics operate

36
Q

Walter Mischel’s person-situation controversy

A

Behavior is not always consistent and predictable in all situations

37
Q

Social-cognitive perspective

A

Focuses on how we interact with culture and the environment

Reciprocal determinism

38
Q

Reciprocal determinism (Bandura)

A

Traits, environment and behavior all influence each other

39
Q

External locus of control

A

Chance determines what happens in our life

Report greater life satisfaction

40
Q

Internal locus of control

A

The perception that we control our own fate

41
Q

Learned helplessness (Seligman)

A

To become hopeless and passive after a repeated bad event

42
Q

Tyrant of choice

A

When presented with options we regret the one we end up choosing

43
Q

Attributional style

A

Explain success and failure

Optimism and pessimism

44
Q

Optimism

A

Live longer

Increase risk of std

45
Q

Spotlight effect

A

Over estimating he extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance

46
Q

Defensive self-esteem

A

Protects the who from critical evaluations

Can lead to aggressiveness and antisocial behavior

47
Q

The self

A

An organizer of our thoughts, feelings and actions

Start to develop sense of self by playing dress up

Many possible selves

48
Q

Self-efficiency (Bandura)

A

Ones belief in ones ability to succeed in a specific situations

49
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Readiness to per he e oneself favorably

50
Q

Self-handicapping

A

Unconsciously preforming a behavior that will result in lower performance

51
Q

Independent vs. collective cultures

A

Independent= western

  • value privacy
  • achievements
  • uniqueness
  • high rates of divorce

Collective= eastern

  • modesty
  • family loyalty
  • respect elderly
  • less likely to embrace others
52
Q

Carl Rogers unconditional positive regard

A

Humanistic perspective

The basic acceptance and support of a person regardless of what they say or do

53
Q

Sublimation

A

Channeling unacceptable urges to more acceptable activities

AP Psychology (6 decks)

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