Myers Personality Psychology Flashcards
Free association
A type of therapy in which the patient says what ever comes to mind (central process in psychoanalysis)
What is freuds theory of personality?
Psychoanalysis
Ego
Reality principle
Strongest in healthy people
Found in conscious
Superego
Internalized set of ideals
Moral principle
Is found in unconscious, preconscious and conscious
Id
Operates on the pleasure principle
Found in unconscious
5 stages of personality development according to Freud
- Oral: birth-1.5. Sucking, feeding, noises. Weaning.
- Anal: 1.5-3. Bowel and bladder control. Toilet training.
- Phallic: 3-6. Genitals. Sexual awareness.
- Latency: 6-puberty. Social skills, intellectual skills, dormant period in stages. School, play, same sex friendships.
- Genital: puberty- death. Sexual behavior. Sexual relationship with a partner.
Identification
Child adopts the characteristics of one of the parents (typically same-sex)
Fixation
When someone is “stuck” in one of the freuds psychosexual stages of development
Libido
Sexual energy that centers in on a part of the body in each stage
Oedipus complex
A boys sexual desire for his mother and feels threatened by father
Occurs during phallic stage
Electra complex
A girls sexual desire for her father
Occurs during the phallic stage
Denial
Defense mechanism where the person convinces them self the event didn’t occur
Regression
Reversion back to a previous stage in development do to overwhelming thoughts or impulses
Projection
Putting own impulses on others
Reaction formation
Who switches unacceptable impulses to their opposite
Repression
Push or banish anxiety driven thoughts deep into unconscious
Displacement
Redirecting thoughts on to an object or animal
Rationalization
Excuses
Alfred Adler
(Neo-Freudian)
Inferiority complex
Birth-order theory
Carl Jung
(Neo-Freudian)
Collective unconscious
Archetypes
Extraversion
Developed archetypes for Myers-Briggs test
Introversion
Karen Horney
No penis envy
All men have womb envy
Rorschach
Ink blot
Most used
TAT (Thematic apperception test)
Create a storyline through picture interpretation
False consensus effect
Cognitive bias whereby the person overestimated the extent of their beliefs/opinions (typically of others)
Terror management theory
the idea that because we are unconsciously afraid of death, we seek out to enhance our self esteem
Abraham Maslow’s self-actualization
Self-actualization: the desire for self fulfillment
- creativity
- enlightenment
- pursuit of knowledge
- desire to give society examples of self actualization
Gordon Allport
Allport: listed 200 traits believed to be part of the nervous system
Trait
A consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling or behaving
Hippocrates 4 humors
Blood
Black bile
Yellow bile
Phlegm
Hans Eysenck
Eysencks suggested that personality could be reduced down to two dimensions: extraversion - introversion and emotional stability - instability
Trait theories
Describe characteristics for the purpose of prediction
Trait theory of personality
A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, ass assessed by self-report inventories and observations
Cattell
Reduced number of traits to 12-23
Factor analysis
A statistical procedure that clusters items together from different tests or inventories that are related to one another
Big Five Factors of personality by Costa and McCrae
O- openness to experience C- conscientiousness E- extraversion A- agreeableness N- neuroticism, emotional stability
Barnum effect
People tend to see themselves in vague, stock descriptions of personality
How psychics operate
Walter Mischel’s person-situation controversy
Behavior is not always consistent and predictable in all situations
Social-cognitive perspective
Focuses on how we interact with culture and the environment
Reciprocal determinism
Reciprocal determinism (Bandura)
Traits, environment and behavior all influence each other
External locus of control
Chance determines what happens in our life
Report greater life satisfaction
Internal locus of control
The perception that we control our own fate
Learned helplessness (Seligman)
To become hopeless and passive after a repeated bad event
Tyrant of choice
When presented with options we regret the one we end up choosing
Attributional style
Explain success and failure
Optimism and pessimism
Optimism
Live longer
Increase risk of std
Spotlight effect
Over estimating he extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance
Defensive self-esteem
Protects the who from critical evaluations
Can lead to aggressiveness and antisocial behavior
The self
An organizer of our thoughts, feelings and actions
Start to develop sense of self by playing dress up
Many possible selves
Self-efficiency (Bandura)
Ones belief in ones ability to succeed in a specific situations
Self-serving bias
Readiness to per he e oneself favorably
Self-handicapping
Unconsciously preforming a behavior that will result in lower performance
Independent vs. collective cultures
Independent= western
- value privacy
- achievements
- uniqueness
- high rates of divorce
Collective= eastern
- modesty
- family loyalty
- respect elderly
- less likely to embrace others
Carl Rogers unconditional positive regard
Humanistic perspective
The basic acceptance and support of a person regardless of what they say or do
Sublimation
Channeling unacceptable urges to more acceptable activities
