Myers Personality Psychology

Question 0

Free association

Answer 0

A type of therapy in which the patient says what ever comes to mind (central process in psychoanalysis)

Question 1

What is freuds theory of personality?

Answer 1

Psychoanalysis

Question 2

Ego

Answer 2

Reality principle

Strongest in healthy people

Found in conscious

Question 3

Superego

Answer 3

Internalized set of ideals

Moral principle

Is found in unconscious, preconscious and conscious

Question 4

Id

Answer 4

Operates on the pleasure principle

Found in unconscious

Question 5

5 stages of personality development according to Freud

Answer 5

1. Oral: birth-1.5. Sucking, feeding, noises. Weaning.
2. Anal: 1.5-3. Bowel and bladder control. Toilet training.
3. Phallic: 3-6. Genitals. Sexual awareness.
4. Latency: 6-puberty. Social skills, intellectual skills, dormant period in stages. School, play, same sex friendships.
5. Genital: puberty- death. Sexual behavior. Sexual relationship with a partner.

Question 6

Identification

Answer 6

Child adopts the characteristics of one of the parents (typically same-sex)

Question 7

Fixation

Answer 7

When someone is “stuck” in one of the freuds psychosexual stages of development

Question 8

Libido

Answer 8

Sexual energy that centers in on a part of the body in each stage

Question 9

Oedipus complex

Answer 9

A boys sexual desire for his mother and feels threatened by father

Occurs during phallic stage

Question 10

Electra complex

Answer 10

A girls sexual desire for her father

Occurs during the phallic stage

Question 11

Denial

Answer 11

Defense mechanism where the person convinces them self the event didn’t occur

Question 12

Regression

Answer 12

Reversion back to a previous stage in development do to overwhelming thoughts or impulses

Question 13

Projection

Answer 13

Putting own impulses on others

Question 14

Reaction formation

Answer 14

Who switches unacceptable impulses to their opposite

Question 15

Repression

Answer 15

Push or banish anxiety driven thoughts deep into unconscious

Question 16

Displacement

Answer 16

Redirecting thoughts on to an object or animal

Question 17

Rationalization

Answer 17

Excuses

Question 18

Alfred Adler

Answer 18

(Neo-Freudian)

Inferiority complex

Birth-order theory

Question 19

Carl Jung

Answer 19

(Neo-Freudian)

Collective unconscious

Archetypes

Extraversion

Developed archetypes for Myers-Briggs test

Introversion

Question 20

Karen Horney

Answer 20

No penis envy

All men have womb envy

Question 21

Rorschach

Answer 21

Ink blot

Most used

Question 22

TAT (Thematic apperception test)

Answer 22

Create a storyline through picture interpretation

Question 23

False consensus effect

Answer 23

Cognitive bias whereby the person overestimated the extent of their beliefs/opinions (typically of others)

Question 24

Terror management theory

Answer 24

the idea that because we are unconsciously afraid of death, we seek out to enhance our self esteem

Question 25

Abraham Maslow's self-actualization

Answer 25

Self-actualization: the desire for self fulfillment - creativity - enlightenment - pursuit of knowledge - desire to give society examples of self actualization

Question 26

Gordon Allport

Answer 26

Allport: listed 200 traits believed to be part of the nervous system

Question 27

Trait

Answer 27

A consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling or behaving

Question 28

Hippocrates 4 humors

Answer 28

Blood Black bile Yellow bile Phlegm

Question 29

Hans Eysenck

Answer 29

Eysencks suggested that personality could be reduced down to two dimensions: extraversion - introversion and emotional stability - instability

Question 30

Trait theories

Answer 30

Describe characteristics for the purpose of prediction

Question 31

Trait theory of personality

Answer 31

A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, ass assessed by self-report inventories and observations

Question 32

Cattell

Answer 32

Reduced number of traits to 12-23

Question 33

Factor analysis

Answer 33

A statistical procedure that clusters items together from different tests or inventories that are related to one another

Question 34

Big Five Factors of personality by Costa and McCrae

Answer 34

``` O- openness to experience C- conscientiousness E- extraversion A- agreeableness N- neuroticism, emotional stability ```

Question 35

Barnum effect

Answer 35

People tend to see themselves in vague, stock descriptions of personality How psychics operate

Question 36

Walter Mischel's person-situation controversy

Answer 36

Behavior is not always consistent and predictable in all situations

Question 37

Social-cognitive perspective

Answer 37

Focuses on how we interact with culture and the environment Reciprocal determinism

Question 38

Reciprocal determinism (Bandura)

Answer 38

Traits, environment and behavior all influence each other

Question 39

External locus of control

Answer 39

Chance determines what happens in our life Report greater life satisfaction

Question 40

Internal locus of control

Answer 40

The perception that we control our own fate

Question 41

Learned helplessness (Seligman)

Answer 41

To become hopeless and passive after a repeated bad event

Question 42

Tyrant of choice

Answer 42

When presented with options we regret the one we end up choosing

Question 43

Attributional style

Answer 43

Explain success and failure Optimism and pessimism

Question 44

Optimism

Answer 44

Live longer Increase risk of std

Question 45

Spotlight effect

Answer 45

Over estimating he extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance

Question 46

Defensive self-esteem

Answer 46

Protects the who from critical evaluations Can lead to aggressiveness and antisocial behavior

Question 47

The self

Answer 47

An organizer of our thoughts, feelings and actions Start to develop sense of self by playing dress up Many possible selves

Question 48

Self-efficiency (Bandura)

Answer 48

Ones belief in ones ability to succeed in a specific situations

Question 49

Self-serving bias

Answer 49

Readiness to per he e oneself favorably

Question 50

Self-handicapping

Answer 50

Unconsciously preforming a behavior that will result in lower performance

Question 51

Independent vs. collective cultures

Answer 51

Independent= western - value privacy - achievements - uniqueness - high rates of divorce Collective= eastern - modesty - family loyalty - respect elderly - less likely to embrace others

Question 52

Carl Rogers unconditional positive regard

Answer 52

Humanistic perspective The basic acceptance and support of a person regardless of what they say or do

Question 53

Sublimation

Answer 53

Channeling unacceptable urges to more acceptable activities