Myers Unit 11 Intelligence Flashcards
Reification
Is viewing an abstract, immaterial concept as if it were a real thing
Intelligence
Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience
Factor analysis
A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a persons total score
Charles Spearman’s theory
Spearman’s general intelligence: (g) a basic intelligence predicts our abilities in varied academic areas
Abilities such as verbal and spatial tend to correlate
Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences
- linguistic
- logical-mathematical
- musical
- spatial
- bodily-kinesthetic
- intrapersinal (self)
- interpersonal (others)
- naturalist
Savant syndrome
Where a person has one exceptional skill and is other wise mentally disabled
Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory
Analytical: (academic problem-solving) well defined problems with one answer- predict school grades reasonably and vocalist modestly
Practical: requires for everyday tasks- business executives score high
Creative: reacting adaptively to novel situations and forming novel ideas
Emotional intelligence
The ability to perceive, understand, manage and use emotions
Brain anatomy and intelligence
+33 correlation between brain size and intelligence
Perceptual speed
+3 to +5 correlation between perceptual speed and intelligence
Neurological speed
Those who score higher on intelligence tests tend to have faster brain response times
Binet and Simon
Created an intelligence test to assess mental age and help predict children’s future progress in Paris school systems
Test sought to identify French school children needing special attention
Lewis Terman
Created the intelligence quotient (IQ) test
IQ= ma/ca x 100
Sir Francis Galten
Father of behavior genetics
First to document theories of intelligence through inheritance
Aptitude
Predict new skill (SAT)
Achievement
Measures what has been learned
WAIS/WISC
Weshsler intelligence tests
Subscales include verb and performance assessments
Norming
Defining scores based on a pretested group
Standardization
Making sure everyone administers the test in the same way to make it fair
Normal curve
68% fall between -1 and +1
Reliability
Consistency
Split half reliability
Dividing the test into 2 halves
Test retest reliability
Take test multiple times
Criterion
Related/predictive validity
Inter eater reliability
How much raters answers are similar
Validity
Measures what it is supposed to
Content validity
Does the exam actually test what it is supposed to
Face validity
Does the person who is taking the test know what it is measuring
Construct validity
Are the inferences made from the test appropriate
Flynn effect
Progression of intelligence over time
Habituation at 2-7 months is an early sign on intelligence
Habituation at 2-7 months is an early sign on intelligence
Intellectual disability
IQ below 70
About 75% are caused by environmental influences
Gifted IQs
IQ of 130 or more
Termans longitudinal study
1500 people with an IQ of 150 (average)
Sociable
Ellen’s winner study
IQ of 180 or above
They were isolated
Heritability
The proportion of variation among individuals that we attribute to genes (0>1)
Identical twins
Raised apart = slightly less correlates in their intelligence scores
Fraternal twins have more correlated scores than ordinary siblings
Gender and intelligence
Boys: spatial ability, math, more extreme on the high and low ends of intelligence
Girls: spellers, remembering/identifying objects, more sensitive to touch/taste/color, and better emotion detectors
Stereotype threat
Can cause self fulfilling prophecy: a prediction that directly or indirectly causes the outcome
