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Psycolgy > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

0
Q

Individualistic culture

A

Focuses upon individual behavior, needs, goals, right

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1
Q

Social group

A
  • People with whom we share a common goal or purpose

- with whom there is a mutual interaction & influence

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2
Q

Collective culture

A

Focuses upon the communities need

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3
Q

Norm

A

A rule or measurement of behavior, good and bad, within a particular social group

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4
Q

Role

A

A set of expectations with regards to behavior in society

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5
Q

In-group

A

Group with which one person associates

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6
Q

Out-group

A

The “others”

Group with which one does not associate

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7
Q

Out-group bias

A

Tendency to have a negative perception of people or groups not part of a persons in-group

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8
Q

Social loafing

A

The tendency to put in less individual effort

Let the others do it

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9
Q

Deindividuation

A

In a group you lose: self awareness, self restraint, personal values, personal identity

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10
Q

Social facilitation

A

Performance improves in front of people

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11
Q

Social impairment

A

Performance worsens in front of people

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12
Q

Group polarization

A

Individual attitudes are intensified in a group of like minded individuals
E.g.: your friends effect you

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13
Q

Group think

A
  • To set aside personal dissent or difference in order to maintain group cohesiveness
  • doesn’t guarantee best solution or solution
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14
Q

Minority influence

A

When an individual influences a groups decision

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15
Q

Bystander effect

A

Lack of individual response to help when in a group
–> diffusion of responsibility: an indivual a sense of responsibility increases and decreases in proportion to the size of the group

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16
Q

Altruism

A
  • Selfless attitude

- Concern for the welfare of another

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17
Q

Attributions

A

Focuses on why people behave the way they do

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18
Q

Attribution theory

A

People explain behavior by situation and dispositional factors

  • situational: environmental factors
  • dispositional: personal factors, character, intelligence
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19
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Take the credit (dispositional factor)

Displace the blame (situational factor)

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20
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

Overestimate dispositional factor (it’s because of character)
Underestimate situational factor in the behavior of others)

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21
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

When individual expectation of others determine how they are treated thus programs the very behaviors that were expected

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22
Q

Actor observer bias

A
  • Tendency to evaluate others for dispositional factors

- Tendency to evaluate ourselves by situation factors

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23
Q

Just world hypothesis

A

People get what they deserve and deserve what they get KARMA

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24
Q

Persuasion

A

Way to get people to comply

25
Q

Foot in the door

A

Tendency for people to comply to a large request after first agreeing to a smaller one
- for $5 more…

26
Q

Door in the face

A

A large request is made knowing it will probably be refused so that the person will agree to a much smaller request
- (I wanna spend $20) he shows me $40 and then I buy $30

27
Q

That’s not all technique

A

Additional benefits are added to persuade regarding one original, major item

28
Q

Bait & switch

A

After a good offer is agreed to, additional demands are made

- well my boss says $25,500 no $22,000

29
Q

Conformity

A

“Everybody else is doing it”

30
Q

Compliance

A

Doing it cuz somebody asked

31
Q

Social proof

A

Where people assume the actions of others in an attempt to reflect correct behavior for a given situation

32
Q

Attractiveness

A

When somebody pretty or handsome is associated with a product

33
Q

Scarcity

A

“Get them while they last”
“Only one at this price”
“We might not get any more”

34
Q

Authority

A

When a famous or authoritarian figure lends their name and opinion to an idea to product

35
Q

Consistency

A

“Ford guy” “Chevy guy”

We tend to behave in a meter consistent with previous behaviors

36
Q

Physical attractiveness

A
  • The perception of physical traits as beautiful or pleasing
  • judgement of the attractiveness of physical features is partly dependent on :
    ~universal to all creatures
    ~culture or era
    ~biological
    ~individual opinion
37
Q

Proximity

A

Geographical closeness and constant exposure can lead to friendship

38
Q

Similarity

A

Race, culture, and values similar to ones own can exert a psychological influence of attraction

39
Q

Reciprocity of feeling

A

You like someone cuz they like you

40
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

“You’ll get used to me” given time and exposure or “ familiarity breeds contempt”

41
Q

Attitude

A
  • Interactive influence of ones thoughts, actions, and behaviors
  • determines reaction
42
Q

Central (route of persuasion)

A
  • Involves critical analysis, reflection and assessment
  • Effect is pretty permanent
  • appeals to logic, makes sense
43
Q

Peripheral (route of persuasion)

A

External factors influence/determine attitudes, if only temporary

44
Q

Normative social influence

A

The desire to gain social approval which effects behavior

45
Q

Information social influence

A

The acceptance & following the opinions of others

46
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A
  • Experiencing conflicting thoughts, behaviors or emotions
  • behavior conflicts with personal values
    (Conflicting ideas about things)
    Ex: need to help a friend study but it means I can’t apply for a job
47
Q

Prejudice

A

Negative, generally uninformed opinion of anything of anyone different
- overt

48
Q

Discrimination

A

negative, prejudiced behavior toward anything or anyone different
- covert

49
Q

Stereotypes

A

Social mind sets/schemas about a person or group

50
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Believing your culture or race or social group is superior

51
Q

Out group homogeneity

A

Tendency to stereotype members of an out group as all the same

52
Q

Scapegoat theory

A

Displacement or projection onto an out group

53
Q

Aggression

A

Behavior intended to cause harm to yourself, others or property

54
Q

Instrumental

A

Aggressive behavior for a greater goal

55
Q

Hostile

A
  • Aggressive behavior is an end in itself

- Take out problems on what we think is the cause

56
Q

Obedience to authority

A

After WW2, Stanley Milgram conducted experiments on how ordinary people could be influenced to inflict harm on others

57
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A

Following the murder of Kitty Genovese

Latane and Darley recreated situations to show the bystander effect

58
Q

Prejudice/discrimination

A

Brown & blue experiment by a 3rd grade teacher, Jane Elliot

59
Q

Conformity/social influence

A

Solomon Asch demonstrated how peoples decisions and judgements could be overruled by a majority influence

60
Q

Social roles

A

Zimbardo’s disaster ours stand ford prison study

Demonstrated how quickly members of a group could conform, for ill or good, to social roles

61
Q

Field theory

A

By: Kurt Lewin, B=f(P,E), behavior is a function of a person & his environment

Psycolgy (8 decks)

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