Introduction

Question 0

Materialism

Answer 0

Psychology about our physical experience & physical make up of reality

Question 1

Metaphysics

Answer 1

deals with the question “what is reality?” Using the medium of human existence, we incorporate material & immaterial reality we tell

Question 2

Cosmologists

Answer 2

A group of pre Socratic philosophers who speculated upon the physical make-up of reality

Question 3

Thales

Answer 3

Type that the universe is made up of some kind of water

METAPHYSICS

Question 4

Heraclitus

Answer 4

Universe is made up of fire/energy
Then applies this dynamics of energy to the human psyche (mind, body)
Energy is ever changing and dies except God who is eternal fire
METAPHYSICS

Question 5

Pythagorus

Answer 5

Philosophy based in math
Geometric forms and patterns are base of universe
Blend of material and immaterial view
METAPHYSICS

Question 6

Democritus

Answer 6

Taught only material was real and made of atoms
What we sense is each others atoms
Although secondary qualities such as color and sound are mental concepts not the nature of things in themselves
METAPHYSICS

Question 7

Idealism

Answer 7

Immaterial, a focus upon spiritual or mental reality including psyche

Question 8

Protagous

Answer 8

Developed science of grammar
A skeptic regarding existence of ultimate truths
“Man is the measure of all things” reality is what we think it is
Idealist

Question 9

Plato

Answer 9

Disciple of Socrates
Dualist( opposing realities: material world {object of physical senses} immaterial: {subject of reason}
Idealist

Question 10

Dualist

Answer 10

opposing realities: material world {object of physical senses} immaterial: {subject of reason}
Polar entities: a material body (soma) & senses to immaterial (psyche) and reason
Psyche is 3 pts and is eternal
Idealist

Question 11

Aristotle

Answer 11

Disciple of Plato
Monist
Idealist

Question 12

Monistic

Answer 12

Material & immaterial complementary realities
Vs Plato: material reality must first be apprehended by our physical senses in order to come to understand (reason) anything
Idealist

Question 13

Rene Descartes

Answer 13

Philosopher (1595-1650) addressed the mind-body dualism
Idealist
Reason I think therefore I am
Conscious awareness

Question 14

Epistemology

Answer 14

What is knowledge or truth? What do I know? How do I know?

Way come to know something

Question 15

Rationalism

Answer 15

Knowledge comes from Clear reason
Eternal ideas: beauty, truth, virtue, math
Liked by Plato
Dualism distinguishes reason, the source of truth, from physical, sensory experience, the source of opinion
Aristotle- reason & experience necessary

Question 16

Empiricism

Answer 16

All knowledge through experience

Question 17

John lock

Answer 17

Father of empiricism, tabula rasa: mind is a blank slate at birth

Question 18

Nature vs nurture

Answer 18

Are we of innate(natural’inborn) factors or environmental factors

Question 19

Free will vs determinism

Answer 19

Do we choose or behavior and are responsible or are we driven by factors(internal, external) beyond our control?

Question 20

Introspection

Answer 20

Technique by Edward Tichener in 1800s in Germany

Individuals Inspect and record elemental thoughts and feelings

Question 21

Edward Tichener

Answer 21

Created introspection in late 1800s in germany

Question 22

Structuralism

Answer 22

School of psychological thought, associated with Wilhelm Wundt & Tichener focused upon the structural elements of the mind in an attempt to understand human behavior
Pts of mental experience are the key to understanding the whole

Question 23

Functionalism

Answer 23

School of psychological thought, William James, influenced by Charles Darwin, focused on adaptive behavior of human animal, unlike Structuralism, The whole, or adaptive, functional outcomes provide more insight into human thought and behavior then a mere understanding of the parts

Question 24

Behaviorism

Answer 24

Approach to psychology which focused upon observable behaviour versus mental states, incorporates the insides of Ivan Pavlov who introduced classical conditioning. Classical conditioning was refined by American psychologist John Watson founder of behaviorism BF Skinner developed Operant Learning approach to behaviourism

Question 25

Psychoanalysis

Answer 25

Approach to psychology developed exclusively by Sigmund Freud Emphasized the dynamics of the unconscious as determinants of human thought and behavior

Question 26

Humanistic psychology

Answer 26

Approach which emphasized the importance of human potential for growth and self actualization Free will, the ability to choose vs determinism, is essential to human growth Pioneers of approach: Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, Victor Frankl

Question 27

Bio psychology

Answer 27

Approach which studies the relationship between the mind/body & behavior Includes neuropsychology, neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience and behavioral genetics

Question 28

Cognitive psychology

Answer 28

Approach which studies memory, intelligence, problem solving, and creativity, and language Incorporates a variety of other approaches, including memory, intelligence and language Pioneers: Herman Ebbinghaus(memory), Albert Binet(intelligence), and Noam Chomsky(language)

Question 29

Socio-cultural psychology

Answer 29

Approach which studies environmental and group dynamics within different societies and cultures and the impact upon individual thought and behavior

Question 30

Clinical

Answer 30

Asses and treats people with psychological disorders | I spicules psychologist and psychiatrists

Question 31

Counseling

Answer 31

Primarily treats people with "less severe" metal- emotional issues not found in the DSMs Includes sub fields of school and industrial organizational psychology

Question 32

Educational

Answer 32

Works in educational settings | Addresses learning and teaching issues

Question 33

Experimental

Answer 33

Conducts basic and applied research | Addresses understanding learning and teaching issues

Question 34

Industrial organizational

Answer 34

Puppies the principles of psychology to the workplace Addresses personal issues, both work and personal related Sometimes involved in marketing techniques

Question 35

Forensic

Answer 35

Applies the principles of psychology to the workplace Addresses personnel issues, both work and personal related Sometimes involved in marketing techniques

Question 36

Wilhelm Tichener

Answer 36

``` German scientist (1832-1920) Conducted psychological experiments at the university of Leipzig which dealt with the conscious perception of stimuli, student Edward tichner used introspection, emphasized elemental and structural view of the human mind, considered the father of modern psychology ```

Question 37

Charles Darwin

Answer 37

(1809-1882) British naturalist, noted for theory of evolution, natural selection, and adaption, theory of animal man leaves an indelible, enduring and transformation influence upon science in general and psychology in particular

Question 38

William James

Answer 38

Harvard professor Influenced by Darwin's principles of natural selection & adaption, which James applied to human consciousness, focused upon the humans minds functional dynamic to adapt to its environment, which is an evolutionary process, called his theory FUNCTIONALISM considered father of American psychology (1842-1910)

Question 39

Stanley hall

Answer 39

Student of William James (1844-1924) conducted the first psychological experiments in America, first president of the American Psychological Association

Question 40

Mary Whiton Calkins

Answer 40

Student of William James, famous being denied PhD at Harvard because of her gender, established lab and conducted psychological experiments at Wellesley College First female president of American Psychological Association (1863-1930)

Question 41

Margaret Floyd Washburn

Answer 41

(1871-1949) first female to earn a PhDs in psychology noted for her research in comparative (animal) research